Table 2. Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) by race and gender.
| ACE | All (N=413) | Men (N=99) | Women (N=93) | Pgender | EA (N=93) | AA (N=128) | Prace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | |||
| Abuse | |||||||
| Emotional | 13.6 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 0.54 | 11.1 | 15.8 | 0.16 |
| Physical | 17.8 | 21.1 | 14.9 | 0.11 | 15.3 | 19.9 | 0.22 |
| Sexual | 16.1 | 16.8 | 15.5 | 0.72 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 0.65 |
| Neglect | |||||||
| Emotional | 11.4 | 12.5 | 10.4 | 0.50 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 0.79 |
| Physical | 9.0 | 15.1 | 3.6 | <0.00 | 5.21 | 12.2 | 0.013 |
| Household Dysfunction | |||||||
| Substance abuse | 27.1 | 29.2 | 25.3 | 0.38 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 0.49 |
| Mental illness | 25.7 | 26.6 | 24.9 | 0.70 | 35.4 | 17.2 | <0.00 1 |
| Domestic violence | 20.8 | 21.4 | 20.4 | 0.80 | 17.2 | 24.0 | 0.09 |
| Criminal household member | 16.0 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 0.93 | 9.9 | 21.3 | 0.002 |
| Parental marital discord | 38.7 | 42.2 | 35.8 | 0.18 | 29.2 | 47.1 | <0.00 1 |
| Any ACE | 69.5 | 69.8 | 69.2 | 0.90 | 65.1 | 73.3 | 0.07 |
| ACE score | |||||||
| 0 | 30.5 | 30.2 | 30.8 | 0.90 | 34.9 | 26.7 | 0.07 |
| 1-2 | 38.0 | 36.5 | 39.4 | 0.54 | 39.1 | 37.1 | 0.68 |
| 3-4 | 18.2 | 16.7 | 19.4 | 0.46 | 14.6 | 21.3 | 0.08 |
| 5+ | 13.3 | 16.6 | 10.4 | 0.06 | 11.4 | 14.9 | 0.30 |
EA: European American; AA: African American