. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2016 Oct 24;208:577–581. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.024

Table 4. Cumulative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depressive symptoms by race and gender.

ACE Score	Men		Wome n			EA		AA

	Beta (SE)	P_men	Beta (SE)	P_women	P_Interaction	Beta (SE)	P_EA	Beta (SE)	P_AA	P_Interaction
0	Reference		Reference		0.59	Reference		Reference		0.05
1-2	1.2(1.2)	0.31 6	1.7(1.1)	0.11 4		2.1(1.0)	0.05	0.8(1.2)	0.50
3-4	5.4(1.5)	0.00 1	4.7(1.3)	<0.0 01		7.3(1.4)	<0.0 01	3.3(1.4)	0.02
≥5	11.7(1.6)	<0.0 01	13.4(1.6)	<0.0 01		11.1(1.6)	<0.0 01	12.6(1.6)	<0.0 01

SE: standard error; EA: European American; AA: African American

Each model includes ACE score as a categorical variable and controls for age, gender, race, BMI and childhood SES.