Table 1.

Demographics.

	G-tube (n = 25)	No G-tube (n = 60)	P-value
Category 1: non-modifiable risk factors
Birth weight ≥ 2500 g	80%	93%	0.08
Gestational age ≥ 36 weeks	88%	93%	0.41
Prenatal diagnosis	72%	47%	0.06
Female	40%	28%	0.32
Hispanic ethnicity	20%	23%	>0.99
Apgar at 5 min ≥ 5	84%	83%	0.15
Chromosomal anomaly	4%	5%	0.79
Congenital heart disease	28%	28%	>0.99
Category 2: modifiable risk factors within first week
ECMO	48%	3%	<0.001
Epinephrine	76%	42%	0.01
Nitric oxide	84%	40%	<0.001
Repair by 1 week	24%	72%	<0.001
Category 3: modifiable risk factors after first week
Proton pump inhibitor	68%	10%	<0.001
H2 receptor antagonist	76%	37%	0.002
Sildenafil	24%	2%	0.002
Dexmedetomidine	28%	5%	0.01
Any maternal breast milk	36%	65%	0.02

ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; G-tube: gastrostomy tube.