Table 1.
Cytokine levels in olfactory bulb and hippocampus after acute exposure to DE
| Brain region/ Sex |
Treatment | IL-1α | IL-1β | IL-3 | IL-6 | TNF-α | IL-9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Olfactory Bulb |
|||||||
| M | FA | 33.3 (2.0) |
12.7 (1.6) |
0.33 (0.10) |
1.9 (0.3) |
1.3 (0.3) |
1133.2 (43.0) |
| DE | 45.3* (10.4) |
31.1* (7.1) |
3.85** (1.31) |
32.4*** (7.4) |
17.6*** (1.1) |
699.0** (27.2) |
|
| F | FA | 33.5 (1.4) |
14.4 (1.9) |
0.31 (0.10) |
1.8 (0.6) |
0.9 (0.1) |
1234.9 (27.1) |
| DE | 51.5* (6.9) |
23.2* (5.1) |
0.95**# (0.32) |
21.6*** (1.7) |
4.0**x (2.1) |
769.7** (67.7) |
|
| Hippocampus | |||||||
| M | FA | 20.3 (6.0) |
13.4 (1.2) |
0.26 (0.09) |
1.7 (0.4) |
1.4 (0.4) |
1033.1 (75.7) |
| DE | 53.9*** (3.8) |
32.8*** (3.3) |
2.56** (0.81) |
30.3*** (3.6) |
9.8** (1.9) |
587.8*** (48.3) |
|
| F | FA | 32.9 (0.1) |
13.1 (0.6) |
0.28 (0.10) |
1.2 (0.3) |
0.7 (0.1) |
1231.0 (8.5) |
| DE | 47.3** (5.2) |
20.6***^ (0.3) |
0.75*x (0.19) |
9.6***x (0.6) |
1.3*^ (0.2) |
591.5*** (85.7) |
Cytokine levels were analyzed by the Luminex xMAP® method (Datta and Opp, 2008) in 96-well plates. Results are expressed as pg/ml, and represent the mean (± SE) of three animals analyzed in triplicate.
Abbreviations: M, males; F, female; FA, filtered air; DE, diesel exhaust. Results were analyzed for statistical significance by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; DE vs. FA:
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0.001; M vs. F:
#
p<0.05;
^
p<0.01;
x
p<0.001.