Fig. 4.

Hypothetical scenario for impulsive drivers with high rates of delay discounting. Time A depicts the moment when a sooner-risky opportunity is available (white bar), and Time B depicts the moment when a later-safe opportunity is available (black bar). Hypothetical delay-discounting functions are shown for the sooner-risky opportunity (dashed line) and the later-safe opportunity (solid line). At Time C, the availability of both opportunities is temporally remote, and thus drivers would place a greater value on the later-safe opportunity. At Time D, drivers place a greater value on the sooner-risky opportunity after a preference reversal.