Table 1.
Baseline population characteristics according to the presence of type 2 diabetes.
| Without diabetes | With diabetes | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics, n (%) | |||
| Sex | n = 2902 | n = 221 | 0.17 |
| Male | 1425 (49.1%) | 98 (44.3%) | |
| Age | n = 2902 | n = 222 | <0.001 |
| <45 years | 743 (25.6%) | 17 (7.7%) | |
| 45–54 years | 743 (25.6%) | 57 (25.7%) | |
| 55–64 years | 720 (24.8%) | 73 (32.9%) | |
| 65+ years | 696 (24.0%) | 75 (33.8%) | |
| Education level | n = 2902 | n = 222 | 0.03 |
| <7 years | 1312 (45.2%) | 120 (54.1%) | |
| 7–11 years | 963 (33.2%) | 67 (30.2%) | |
| 12+ years | 627 (21.6%) | 45 (15.8%) | |
| Socioeconomic status | n = 2904 | n = 222 | 0.38 |
| Lowest tertile | 928 (32.0%) | 61 (27.5%) | |
| Middle tertile | 981 (33.8%) | 79 (35.6%) | |
| Highest tertile | 995 (34.3%) | 82 (36.9%) | |
| Study setting | n = 2904 | n = 222 | <0.001 |
| Lima | 974 (33.5%) | 59 (26.6%) | |
| Urban Puno | 481 (16.6%) | 39 (17.6%) | |
| Rural Puno | 525 (18.1%) | 17 (7.7%) | |
| Tumbes | 924 (31.8%) | 107 (48.2%) | |
| Setting altitude | n = 2904 | n = 222 | 0.004 |
| High altitude | 1006 (34.6%) | 56 (25.2%) | |
| First language learnt | n = 2903 | n = 222 | 0.004 |
| Spanish | 1825 (62.9%) | 160 (72.1%) | |
| Quechua | 578 (19.9%) | 42 (18.9%) | |
| Aymara | 500 (17.2%) | 20 (9.0%) | |
| Lifestyles behaviors, n (%) | n = 2904 | n = 222 | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 345 (11.9%) | 75 (33.8%) | |
| n = 2904 | n = 222 | 0.84 | |
| Daily smoking⁎ | 95 (3.3%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| n = 2904 | n = 222 | 0.01 | |
| Hazardous drinking | 408 (14.1%) | 18 (8.1%) | |
| n = 2902 | n = 222 | 0.007 | |
| TV watching for 2+ hours per day | 1222 (42.1%) | 114 (51.4%) | |
| n = 2904 | n = 222 | <0.001 | |
| Transport-related physical inactivity | 278 (9.6%) | 41 (18.4%) | |
| n = 2902 | n = 222 | <0.001 | |
| Fruits and vegetables (5+ portion/day) | 111 (3.8%) | 21 (9.5%) | |
| Measurements, n (%) | |||
| Body mass index | n = 2906 | n = 222 | <0.001 |
| Normal (<25 kg/m2) | 873 (30.0%) | 42 (19.3%) | |
| Overweight (⩾25 and <30 kg/m2) | 1279 (44.0%) | 89 (40.8%) | |
| Obese (⩾30 kg/m2) | 754 (26.0%) | 87 (39.9%) | |
| Waist circumference | n = 2905 | n = 218 | <0.001 |
| IDF central obesity | 2077 (71.5%) | 193 (88.5%) | |
| Hypertension | n = 2906 | n = 218 | <0.001 |
| Measured or physician-diagnosed | 693 (23.9%) | 111 (50.9%) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | n = 2905 | n = 217 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1273 (43.8%) | 192 (88.5%) | |
Results may not add due to missing values.
⁎
P-values were calculated using Fisher exact test instead of Chi-squared test.