Continual recruitment-independent maintenance of lung-resident CD8+ T cells. (A) Expression of CD49a, CD103, and CD69 on NP366–374/Db+ CD8+ T cells in each tissue at day 30 after i.n. infection with x31. (B) Congenic mice were infected i.n. with x31 and were subjected to parabiotic surgery 30 d later. Mice were analyzed on day 14 after the surgery unless otherwise specified. (C) Host/partner ratios of NP-specific CD8+ T cells in each tissue. (D) Ratios of CD69+ cells among host and partner NP-specific CD8+ T cells in each tissue. (E) Host/partner ratios of CD69+ NP-specific CD8+ T cells in each tissue. (F) Expression of the indicated molecules on host and partner NP-specific CD8+ T cells in the LI/LP. (G) Host/partner ratios of NP-specific CD8+ T cells in each tissue at day 79 after the surgery. (H) Host/partner ratios of NP-specific CD8+ T cells in each tissue of x31-immune mice depleted of Thy1.1+ cells 1 d before parabiosis. Data are representative of three independent experiments (mean and SEM of four to five pairs of mice). ****, P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s posthoc tests (C and D), two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Sidak’s posthoc tests (E), and Student’s t test in comparison with each counterpart in Fig. 1 C (G and H).