Table 1.
Factors associated with duration of enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006, in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort. Data are No (%) of participants unless stated otherwise
| No of reports of high enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006 per participant | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n=2264) | One (n=1833) |
Two (n=2063) |
Three (n=3205) |
||
| Sex: | |||||
| Men | 1089 (48.1) | 876 (47.8) | 906 (43.9) | 1314 (41.0) | <0.001 |
| Women | 1175 (51.9) | 957 (52.2) | 1157 (56.1) | 1891 (59.0) | |
| Age (years): | |||||
| 50-59 | 1071 (47.3) | 779 (42.5) | 838 (40.6) | 1449 (45.2) | <0.001 |
| 60-69 | 657 (29.0) | 557 (30.4) | 666 (32.3) | 1006 (31.4) | |
| 70-79 | 401 (17.7) | 365 (19.9) | 411 (19.9) | 574 (17.9) | |
| ≥80 | 136 (6.0) | 130 (7.1) | 149 (7.2) | 176 (5.5) | |
| Ethnicity: | |||||
| Non-white ethnicity | 68 (3.0) | 57 (3.1) | 39 (1.9) | 51 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| White European | 2196 (97.0) | 1776 (96.9) | 2024 (98.1) | 3154 (98.4) | |
| Cohabiting with a partner | 1426 (63.0) | 1290 (70.4) | 1525 (73.9) | 2497 (77.9) | <0.001 |
| Education: | |||||
| Lower | 457 (20.2) | 370 (20.2) | 450 (21.8) | 923 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Intermediate | 799 (35.3) | 691(37.7) | 757 (36.7) | 1228 (38.3) | |
| Higher | 1010 (44.6) | 772 (42.1) | 858 (41.6) | 1054 (32.9) | |
| Wealth: | |||||
| Group 1 (richest) | 337 (14.9) | 328 (17.9) | 462 (22.4) | 926 (28.9) | <0.001 |
| Group 2 | 444 (19.6) | 367 (20.0) | 431 (20.9) | 763 (23.8) | |
| Group 3 | 446 (19.7) | 392 (21.4) | 458 (22.2) | 641 (20.0) | |
| Group 4 | 496 (21.9) | 370 (20.2) | 411 (19.9) | 538 (16.8) | |
| Group 5 (poorest) | 541 (23.9) | 378 (20.6) | 301 (14.6) | 337 (10.5) | |
| Employment: | |||||
| Paid employment | 722 (31.9) | 616 (33.6) | 706 (34.2) | 1231 (38.4) | <0.001 |
| Not in paid employment | 1544 (68.2) | 1219 (66.5) | 1360 (65.9) | 1974 (61.6) | |
| Self-rated health: fair or poor | 992 (43.8) | 599 (32.7) | 522 (25.3) | 497 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| Limiting longstanding illness | 1026 (45.3) | 669(36.5) | 625 (30.3) | 679 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 308 (13.6) | 229 (12.5) | 235 (11.4) | 266 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 125 (5.5) | 101 (5.5) | 113 (5.5) | 176 (5.5) | <0.980 |
| Diabetes | 192 (8.5) | 136 (7.4) | 138 (6.7) | 151 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Arthritis | 781 (34.5) | 566 (30.9) | 569 (27.6) | 750 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 113 (5.0) | 64 (3.5) | 66 (3.2) | 64 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 324 (14.3) | 224 (12.2) | 227 (11.0) | 327 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Impaired mobility | 1519 (67.1) | 1125 (61.4) | 1089 (52.8) | 1445 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| One or more impaired activities of daily living | 602 (26.6) | 401 (21.9) | 320 (15.5) | 359 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| History of depressive illness | 249 (11.0) | 114 (6.2) | 83 (4.0) | 80 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Elevated depressive symptoms | 686 (30.3) | 326 (17.8) | 235 (11.4) | 160 (5.0) | <0.001 |
Results based on 10 imputed datasets.