Table 2.

Sustained enjoyment of life and up to seven year mortality in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort (n=9365)

	No of reports of high enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006 per participant
	None	One	Two	Three	Per one report increase
All cause mortality (No (%) of participants)	400 (31)	298 (23)	283 (22)	329 (25)	—
Covariates (hazard ratio (95% CI):
Model 1 (age, sex)	1 (reference)	0.87 (0.73 to 1.03)	0.73 (0.62 to 0.87)	0.60 (0.51 to 0.70)	0.84 (0.80 to 0.89)
Model 1 plus baseline demographic factors* (model 2)	1 (reference)	0.88 (0.74 to 1.05)	0.76 (0.64 to 0.90)	0.64 (0.55 to 0.75)	0.86 (0.82 to 0.91)
Model 1 plus baseline health indicators† (model 3)	1 (reference)	0.93 (0.78 to 1.11)	0.83 (0.70 to 0.99)	0.75 (0.64 to 0.87)	0.91 (0.86 to 0.95)
Model 1 plus baseline depression‡ (model 4)	1 (reference)	0.89 (0.75 to 1.06)	0.76 (0.64 to 0.91)	0.63 (0.54 to 0.74)	0.86 (0.82 to 0.90)
Fully adjusted (model 5)	1 (reference)	0.93 (0.78 to 1.12)	0.83 (0.70 to 0.99)	0.76 (0.64 to 0.89)	0.91 (0.86 to 0.96)

Results based on 10 imputed datasets.

*Wealth, education, ethnicity, marital status, and employment.

†Fair/poor self-rated health, limiting longstanding illness, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lung disease, diabetes, arthritis, and impaired mobility and activities of daily living.

‡Depressive illness and current symptoms of depression.