Table 3.

Sustained enjoyment of life and up to seven year mortality, excluding cardiovascular deaths in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort (n=9365)

	No of reports of high enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006 per participant
	None	One	Two	Three	Per one report increase
Excluding cardiovascular deaths (No (%))	277 (31)	204 (23)	196 (22)	228 (25)	—
Covariates (hazard ratio (95% CI):
Model 1 (age, sex)	1 (reference)	0.83 (0.67 to 1.02)	0.71 (0.57 to 0.89)	0.59 (0.49 to 0.72)	0.84 (0.79 to 0.90)
Model 1 plus baseline demographic factors* (model 2)	1 (reference)	0.85 (0.69 to 1.05)	0.74 (0.59 to 0.92)	0.64 (0.53 to 0.77)	0.86 (0.81 to 0.92)
Model 1 plus baseline health indicators† (model 3)	1 (reference)	0.87 (0.70 to 1.07)	0.78 (0.62 to 0.98)	0.70 (0.58 to 0.85)	0.89 (0.83 to 0.95)
Model 1 plus baseline depression‡ (model 4)	1 (reference)	0.85 (0.68 to 1.05)	0.74 (0.59 to 0.93)	0.63 (0.52 to 0.76)	0.86 (0.80 to 0.91)
Fully adjusted (model 5)	1 (reference)	0.88 (0.71 to 1.09)	0.79 (0.63 to 1.00)	0.72 (0.59 to 0.87)	0.80 (0.74 to 0.86)

Results based on 10 imputed datasets.

*Wealth, education, ethnicity, marital status, and employment.

†Fair/poor self-rated health, limiting longstanding illness, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lung disease, diabetes, arthritis, and impaired mobility and activities of daily living.

‡Depressive illness and current symptoms of depression.