Table 5.

Sustained enjoyment of life and up to seven year mortality in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort (complete case, n=5262)

	No of reports of high enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006 per participant
	None	One	Two	Three	Per one report increase
All cause mortality (No (%))	179 (30)	125 (21)	127 (21)	172 (29)	—
Covariates (hazard ratio (95% CI)):
Model 1 (age, sex)	1 (reference)	0.83 (0.66 to 1.04)	0.69 (0.55 to 0.87)	0.57 (0.46 to 0.70)	0.83 (0.78 to 0.89)
Model 1 plus baseline demographic factors* (model 2)	1 (reference)	0.84 (0.67 to 1.06)	0.73 (0.58 to 0.91)	0.61 (0.49 to 0.75)	0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)
Model 1 plus baseline health indicators† (model 3)	1 (reference)	0.91 (0.72 to 1.14)	0.79 (0.63 to 1.00)	0.72 (0.58 to 0.90)	0.90 (0.83 to 0.96)
Model 1 plus baseline depression‡ (model 4)	1 (reference)	0.84 (0.66 to 1.05)	0.70 (0.56 to 0.88)	0.58 (0.47 to 0.72)	0.83 (0.78 to 0.89)
Fully adjusted (model 5)	1 (reference)	0.90 (0.71 to 1.14)	0.80 (0.63 to 1.01)	0.72 (0.58 to 0.90)	0.90 (0.83 to 0.96)

*Wealth, education, ethnicity, marital status, and employment.

†Fair/poor self-rated health, limiting longstanding illness, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lung disease, diabetes, arthritis, and impaired mobility and activities of daily living.

‡Depressive illness and current symptoms of depression.