Table 7.

Sustained enjoyment of life and up to 11 year mortality (between 2002 and 2013) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort (n=10 196)

	No of reports of high enjoyment of life between 2002 and 2006 per participant
	None	One	Two	Three	Per one report increase
All cause mortality (No (%))	852 (40%)	597 (28%)	373 (17%)	324 (15%)	—
Covariates (hazard ratio (95% CI)):
Model 1 (age, sex)	1 (reference)	0.89 (0.79 to 1.00)	0.48 (0.42 to 0.55)	0.31 (0.27 to 0.36)	0.68 (0.65 to 0.71)
Model 1 plus baseline demographic factors* (model 2)	1 (reference)	0.90 (0.80 to 1.02)	0.51 (0.44 to 0.58)	0.34 (0.29 to 0.39)	0.70 (0.67 to 0.73)
Model 1 plus baseline health indicators† (model 3)	1 (reference)	0.94 (0.84 to 1.07)	0.54 (0.46 to 0.63)	0.39 (0.34 to 0.44)	0.73 (0.70 to 0.76)
Model 1 plus baseline depression‡ (model 4)	1 (reference)	0.90 (0.80 to 1.02)	0.50 (0.45 to 0.61)	0.32 (0.28 to 0.37)	0.69 (0.66 to 0.72)
Fully adjusted (model 5)	1 (reference)	0.94 (0.83 to 1.06)	0.54 (0.47 to 0.63)	0.39 (0.34 to 0.45)	0.73 (0.70 to 0.76)

Results based on 10 imputed datasets.

*Wealth, education, ethnicity, marital status, and employment.

†Fair/poor self-rated health, limiting longstanding illness, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lung disease, diabetes, arthritis, and impaired mobility and activities of daily living.

‡Depressive illness and current symptoms of depression.