Table 3.

Summary of recent publications on the effects of flavonoids: adipogenesis and PPARγ activity.

Flavonoid	Model	Effect	PPARγ activity	Ref.
Catechin	Adipocyte differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells High-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese SD rats	Adipogenesis ↑ Fat ↓	Activity ↑ Not measured	[5, 6]
Daidzein	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation High-fat high-sucrose diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice	Adipogenesis ↑ Adipocyte area ↓	Activity ↑ Not measured	[7]
Equol	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Activity ↑	[8]
EGCG	AML-I human preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Not measured	[9]
Fisetin	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Activity ↑	[10]
Flavanone	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Activity ↑	[11]
Hesperetin glucuronides	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Not changed	[12]
Isoflavonoids	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Activity ↓	[13]
Kaempferol	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Activity ↑	[14]
Licochalcone A	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation HFD-induced obese ICR mice	Adipogenesis ↓ Body weight ↓ Plasma lipid ↓	Not measured Not measured	[15]
Luteolin	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Not changed	[16]
Pentamethylquercetin	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Not measured	[17]
Quercetin	HFD-induced obese Wistar rats	Plasma TG ↓	Not changed	[18]
Quercetin-3-O-(6′′-Feruloyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Not measured	[19]
Sakuranetin	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↑	Not changed	[20]
Tangeritin	3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation	Adipogenesis ↓	Not measured	[21]

TG, triglyceride; HFD, high-fat diet.