Table 3.
Summary of pharmacological and clearance properties of some pharmacological substances∗.
| Substance | Molecular weight (daltons) | Protein binding (%) | Volume of distribution (L/kg) | Metabolism and excretion (%) | Clearance without hemodialysis (mL/min) | Clearance with hemodialysis (mL/min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methanol | ~32 | Minimal | ~0.6–0.77 | ~95 hepatic ~2.5 respiratory ~1 renal |
~11.3 | ~125–215 |
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| Ethylene glycol | ~62 | Minimal | 0.5–0.8 | ~80 hepatic ~20 renal |
Up to 27 | 145–230 |
|
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| Diethylene glycol | ~62 | Minimal | ~1 | 30–50 hepatic 50–70 renal |
Unknown | Unknown |
|
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| Isopropyl alcohol | ~60 | Minimal | ~0.45–0.55 | 80 hepatic 20 renal |
Unknown | ~137 (isopropyl alcohol) ~165 (acetone) |
|
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| Aspirin | ~180 | ~49 (~90 with therapeutic use and ~30 in overdose) |
~0.15 | ~80 hepatic ~20 renal |
0.6–25 | 3–100 |
|
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| Lithium | ~74 | 0 | ~0.3–1 | >95 renal | 20–40 | 70–170 |
|
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| Valproic acid | ~144 | ~80–90 (continuously decreases with higher valproic acid concentrations) |
~0.1–0.5 | Predominantly hepatic | 5–10 | ~50–90 |
|
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| Metformin | ~129 | Minimal | ~1.1 | >90 renal | ~7 | Up to 170 |
|
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| Dabigatran | 471 | ~35 | ~0.85 | >80 renal | Dependent on renal function | Decreases dabigatran concentration by at least 40% |