Table 2.
Results on the outcome measures at baseline and postintervention (week 8) assessments, change from baseline, and differences between groups.
| Variable (score range) | Intervention group n = 35 | Control group n = 38 | Difference between groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline week 0 mean (SD) | Change from week 0 to week 8 Mean (SD), p value | Baseline week 0 mean (SD) | Change from week 0 to week 8 mean (SD), p value | LS Means for change from week 0 to week 8 mean (95% confidence interval), p value | |
| Berg Balance Scale (0–56) | 48.9 (5.8) | 2.6 (4.1) p < 0.001 |
45.1 (9.0) | 1.6 (4.1) p = 0.020 |
2.1 (0.5; 3.8) p = 0.011 |
| Postural sway area, eyes open on hard floor (mm2) | 1303 (1612) | −423 (1789) p = 0.17 |
1438 (1322) | 506 (1877) p = 0.11 |
−997 (−1788; −206) p = 0.014 |
| Postural sway area, eyes closed on hard floor (mm2) | 2190 (2413) | −737 (2662) p = 0.12 |
4020 (5918) | −100 (4308) p = 0.89 |
−1036 (−2718; 645) p = 0.22 |
| Postural sway area, eyes open on soft cushion (mm2) | 3909 (3417) | −1230 (2906) p = 0.017 |
4096 (3728) | 1133 (4500) p = 0.17 |
−2022 (−3608; −436) p = 0.013 |
| Postural sway area, eyes closed on soft cushion (mm2) | 8068 (5586) | −1040 (5632) p = 0.40 |
9477 (6623) | −2544 (7382) p = 0.12 |
−322 (−3517; 2874) p = 0.84 |
| FSST (s) | 19.9 (11.9) | −0.5 (11.0) p = 0.77 |
30.3 (28.0) | −3.5 (10.0) p = 0.055 |
1.7 (−3.3; 6.6) p = 0.51 |
| Sit-to-stand (s) | 35.2 (12.1) | −3.6 (8.2) p = 0.013 |
42.0 (16.6) | −4.1 (9.8) p = 0.014 |
−2.2 (−5.6; 1.2) p = 0.21 |
| TUG test (s) | 13.7 (5.5) | 0.5 (8.5) p = 0.74 |
17.0 (9.1) | −1.0 (3.8) p = 0.13 |
1.4 (−1.7; 4.5) p = 0.37 |
| TUGcog test (s) | 17.6 (8.3) | −0.1 (12.4) p = 0.94 |
24.0 (16.4) | −3.9 (8.9) p = 0.011 |
1.3 (−3.3; 5.9) p = 0.58 |
| FGA (0–30) | 15.8 (5.4) | 2.7 (4.2) p < 0.001 |
14.6 (4.7) | 0.7 (2.0) p = 0.037 |
2.1 (0.6; 3.6) p = 0.0079 |
| MS walking scale (12–60) | 40.0 (9.9) | −3.4 (5.0) p < 0.001 |
41.6 (9.7) | 0.1 (5.2) p = 0.88 |
−3.7 (−6.0; −1.3) p = 0.0026 |
| ABC scale (0–100) | 59.3 (22.6) | 7.7 (16.0) p = 0.0074 |
58.6 (19.8) | −1.9 (13.2) p = 0.37 |
9.9 (4.4; 15.4) p < 0.001 |
Mean (SD) is given for baseline week 0; mean (SD) and p value computed by Student's t-test are given for change from baseline to follow-up week 8. Mean (95% confidence interval) and p value computed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline value are given for difference between groups.
LS Means: Least Square Means adjusted for baseline value obtained from ANCOVA.
FSST: Four-Square Step Test; TUG test: Timed-Up and Go test; TUGcog test: TUG test with a cognitive task; FGA: Functional Gait Assessment; ABC scale: Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale.