The effects of hMSC indirectly co-cultured (via transwell) with hCM (hCM+hMSCtrans). Ca++ transient recordings in the presence of H2O2 (left) show a decrease in Ca++ ALT for hCM+hMSCtrans (bottom) compared to hCM alone (top). The graphs (right) show summary data for hCM alone (white bar), hCM+hMSCtrans, (gray bar) and hCM+hMSC (black bar, repeated for comparison). Overall, hCM+hMSCtrans, significantly decreased Ca++ ALT (n=6, p< 0.0001) and CaD (n=6, p<0.001). Ca++ ALT in hCM+hMSCtrans was not reduced to the same level as when hCM were co-cultured in direct contact with hMSC.