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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(19):3119–3148. doi: 10.2174/13816128113196660062

Fig. (2).

Fig. (2)

The figure depicts the combined effects of Vitamin D, Testosterone and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) on mobility based on the current evidence of Clinical Trials. Each rectangle represents an anabolic hormone. The arrows in the opposite direction between the rectangles indicate the profound interrelationship of these 3 anabolic hormones. Each horizontal arrow describes the impact of a single anabolic hormone and the additive effects of multiple hormones on different objective measures of physical performance.

SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; ADL: Activities of Daily Living; PASE: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; LBM=lean Body Mass; 30 MWT: 30- minute- walking test; ASMM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass.