Table 1.
Potential hormonal cut-off values associated with low physical performance in older persons in observational studies.
| ALL | WOMEN | MEN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HORMONAL CUT-OFF | OUTCOMES | HORMONAL CUT-OFF | OUTCOMES | HORMONAL CUT-OFF | OUTCOMES | |
| TESTOSTERONE |
Cappola et al (ref 19) Free T<0.7 pg/mL N. 494 Mean age: 70±7 |
More vulnerability to frailty than those without the deficiency although did not achieve statistical significance |
Maggio M et al (ref 44) Severely hypogonadal: total T levels ≤ 230 ng/dL; Moderately hypogonadal: total T >230 and < 350 ng/dL Eugonadal, T levels ≥ 350 ng/dl. N. 455 Mean age: 67.5±90 Krasnoff, et al ref (45) Free T < 70pg/mL n.1445 mean age 61.0±9.5 y |
Hand Grip strength SPPB Scores Muscle strength Significantly higher in eugo-nadal group No association with grip strength Predictor of lower SPPB Scores and decline in Walking speed |
||
| IGF-1 |
Onder G et al (ref 116) IGF-1 level 0.74, [0.42-1.17] BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 N. 56 mean age 84.3±4.0 |
significantly better grip strength [35.2 +/− 1.6 vs. 29.2 +/− 2.0 (SE) kg, P = 0.03], walking speed (0.55 +/− 0.04 vs. 0.40 +/− 0.04 m/s, P = 0.01), and SPPB score (1.9 +/− 0.1 vs. 1.5 +/− 0.1 m/s, P = 0.01) | ||||
|
Colbert LH (ref 117) <77 ng/l in women <94 ng/l in men n.158 mean age:70±9 |
poor thigh muscle area and density | |||||
|
Kaplan et al. (ref 118) IGF-1 <121.1 ng/mL |
Borderline significant association with worse handgrip strength and not significantly relationship with walking speed, functional status or mortality |
Cappola et al (ref 133) <50 ng/mL N.617 Mean age: 70±9 |
poor knee extensor muscle strength, slow walking speed, and self-reported difficulty with mobility tasks | |||
|
Cappola et al (Ref 19) < 87.8 μg/L N. 494 Mean age: 70±7 |
More vulnerability to frailty than those without the deficiency although did not achieve statistical significance | |||||
| VITAMIN D |
Witcherts et al (Ref 172) N=1234 Age= 75.3± 6.5 25OHCategories: 1) <10ng/mL (N=134) 2)10-20 ng/mL (N=453) 3)20-30 ng/mL (N=420) 4) > 30 ng/mL (reference group N=227) |
Declyne in Physical Performace (Odds Ratio): 1)2.21 2)2.01 3)1.56 4) 1 |
Houston et al (Ref 168) N = 541 Age= 74.8 (mean) 25 OH Categories: 1) <25nmol/L (N=156) 2) 25 to<50nmol/L(N=249) 3) >50nmol/L(N=136) |
SPPB Scores significantly lower in group with serum 25OHD < 25.0 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25OHD >25.0 nmol/L Handgrip strength significantly lower in group with serum 25OHD<50.0 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25OHD >50 nmol/L |
Houston et al (Ref 168) N = 435 Age= 74.8 (mean) 25 OH Categories: 1) <25nmol/L (N=59) 2) 25 to<50nmol/L(N=163) 3) >50nmol/L(N=213) |
SPPB Scores significantly lower in group with serum 25OHD <25.0 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25OHD >25.0 nmol/L Handgrip strength significantly lower in group with serum 25OHD<50.0 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25OHD >50 nmol/L |
|
Toffanello et al (Ref 170) N = 1597 Age= >75 (mean) 25 OHD Levels: 1) <32nmol/L 2)32 – 49 noml/L 3)49 - 68 nmol/L 4)68 – 93 nmol/L 5) >93 nmol/L |
Observed Linear Associations Between Physical Performance and 25OHD levels (after adjusting of potential confounders) Tandem Test:No 5 Timed Chair Stands:Yes Gait speed:No 6 min walking test: Yes Handgrip strength :No Quadriceps strength:No |
Toffanello et al (Ref 170) N = 1097 Age= >75 (mean) 25 OHD Levels : 1) <53nmol/L 2)53 – 79 noml/L 3)79 - 103 nmol/L 4) 103 – 143 nmol/L 5) >143 nmol/L |
Observed Linear Associations Between Physical Performance and 25OHD levels (after adjusting of potential confounders) Tandem Test:No 5Timed Chair Stands:No Gait speed:Yes 6min walking test: Yes Handgrip strength : Yes Ouadriceps strength:No i |
|||
|
Snijder et al. (Ref 171) 25OHD <10ng/mL |
Increased risk of falling | |||||
| DHEAS |
Cappola et al (Ref 19) DHEAS < 0.22 g/L N. 494 Mean age: 70±7 |
More vulnerability to frailty than those without the deficiency although did not achieve statistical significance |
Valenti, et al (Ref 18) 50.5-64,5 μg/dL N=558 mean age 20-95 |
muscle strength and calf muscle area | ||
|
Stenholm, et al (Ref 20) DHEAS< 42.7 μg/dL N. 406 Mean age: 74.2±6.6 |
Muscle strength decline |
Stenholm et al (Ref 20) DHEAS< 53.9 μg/dL n.310 Mean age: 73±6.4 |
Muscle strength decline | |||
| TSH |
Van den Beld, et al (Ref 142) N. 403 men age 73 and older < 0.46 mUI/L FT3 - FT4 in normal range |
⇓ lean body mass | ||||
|
Ceresini, et al (Ref 146) N. 392 men mean age 74 < 0.46 mUI/L FT3 - FT4 in normal range |
⇓ SPPB score | |||||