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. 2015 Jul 10;5:10179. doi: 10.1038/srep10179

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(a) Stimulatory activity of DOI on estrogen biosynthesis in granulosa cells. Protein expression of (b) aromatase and (c) follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian granulosa cells. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with the control group (un-paired t-test). Effects of (d) protein kinase A inhibitor (PKAi), (e) protein kinase B inhibitor (PKBi), and (f) protein kinase C inhibitor (PKCi) on the estrogen-stimulating effect of DOI on ovarian granulosa cells. (g) Effects of DOI on FSHR-attenuated ovarian granulosa cells after 12 h treatment. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the control group (un-paired t-test).