Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Analyzed sample | Low Concern Disregard | Punishment Insensitivity | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=337) | Low (N=230) |
High (N=107) |
Low (N=241) |
High (N=96) |
||||||||
| N(%) | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Males | 152 (45.1%) | 109 (47.4%) | 43 (40.2%) | 105 (43.6%) | 47 (49.0%) | |||||||
| Females | 185 (54.9%) | 121 (52.6%) | 64 (59.8%) | 1.53 | 136 (54.6%) | 49 (51.0%) | 0.81 | |||||
| N(%) | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | ||||||
| Ethnicity/Race | ||||||||||||
| African-American | 152 (45.1%) | 104 (45.2%) | 48 (44.9%) | 107 (44.4%) | 45 (46.9%) | |||||||
| European-American | 74 (31.5%) | 42 (18.3%) | 32 (29.9%) | 49 (20.3%) | 25 (26.0%) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 106 (22.0%) | 79 (34.3%) | 27 (25.2%) | 80 (33.2%) | 26 (27.1%) | |||||||
| Other | 5 (1.5%) | 5 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | 8.77* | 5 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 3.92 | |||||
| N(%) | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | N(%) | N(%) | χ2 | ||||||
| Socio-economic factors | ||||||||||||
| Employed mother | 181 (53.9%) | 124 (45.2%) | 57 (53.8%) | <.01 | 129 (53.8%) | 52 (46.9%) | <.01 | |||||
| Mother Ed <= HS | 70 (21.2%) | 48 (45.2%) | 22 (20.8%) | 0.02 | 50 (21.2%) | 20 (46.9%) | <.01 | |||||
| Living in poverty | 156 (46.3%) | 107 (45.2%) | 49 (45.8%) | 0.02 | 105 (43.6%) | 51 (46.9%) | 2.52 | |||||
| Married/cohabitating | 221 (65.6%) | 149 (64.8%) | 72 (67.3%) | 0.20 | 164 (68.1%) | 57 (59.4%) | 2.23 | |||||
| M | (SE) | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | F | M | (SE) | M | (SE) | F | |
| Differential Ability Scales | 99.47 | (0.98) | 99.31 | (1.05) | 95.57 | (1.98) | 2.79 | 99.33 | (1.04) | 95.34 | (2.02) | 3.08 |
| Child-Directed Aggression | 7.98 | (0.66) | 7.30 | (0.81) | 9.43 | (1.17) | 2.24 | 6.58 | (0.64) | 11.47 | (1.65) | 11.35* |
*
p<.05,
SE=standard error