Fig. 5.

Hydrogen modulates PME activity (A) and relative expression of PME genes (B) in rice seedling roots under boron toxicity. Seeds were presoaked in water in the presence or absence of 0·39 mm H₂ for 24 h and then transferred to water (→H₂O) or 10 mm H₃BO₃ solution (→B). PME activity and expression of PME genes were measured after 48 and 24 h of the treatments. Within each set of experiments, values are the means ± s.e. of three independent experiments with three replicates for each. Different letters denote significant differences at P < 0·05 according to Duncan’s multiple comparison test.