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. 2016 Dec 14;3:16034. doi: 10.1038/mto.2016.34

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy

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Graphical summary of improved long-term tumor-free survival by treatment of drug-resistant ovarian tumors in vivo by oncolytic virotherapy followed by PLD. (a) Intraperitoneal injection with OVV-CXCR4-A-Fc stimulates anticancer immunity through CXCR4-A-Fc-mediated inhibition of immunosuppressive cell recruitment, releases of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and immune cell infiltration, while also causing direct cellular cytotoxicity. (b) Treatment with PLD inhibits tumor growth through induction of immunogenic cell death, weakly effective in the drug-resistant mutants. (c) The synergistic interaction of OVV with PLD augments tumor cell death and inflammation, thus potentially increasing immunogenicity of endogenous tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Low responses (+), medium responses (++), high responses (+++). OVV, oncolytic vaccinia virus; PLD, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin.