Figure 3. Relationship important value (IV) and its determinants (F: relative frequency, D: relative individual density, BA: relative basal area) to the distance from village boundaries.

(a) medicinal tree species, (b) pioneer tree species. IV: red circles, F: black circles, D: blue circles, BA: green circles. See equation (1) for calculation and parameters (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05).