Table 2.
Prevalence estimates of Chagas disease among migrants from systematic review articles compared to estimates of countrywide prevalence, by country of origin (endemic) or country of destination (non-endemic)
| Country | Study | N | Migrant Study Prevalence | Calculated Migrant Study 95% C.I. | Countrywide Prevalence | Migrant vs. Countrywide Prevalencea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endemic countries | ||||||
| Argentina | Barona-Vilar (2012a) | 74 | 5.3 | 2.1 – 12.9 | 4.13b | ≃ |
| Munoz-Vilches (2012) | 56 | 1.8 | 0.3 – 9.4 | ≃ | ||
| Gimenez-Marti (2006) | 8 | 12.5 | 2.2 – 47.1 | ≃ | ||
| Piron (2008) | 298 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.4 | Below | ||
| Bolivia | See figure 3 | See figure 3 | See figure 3 | See figure 3 | 6.75 b | See figure 3 |
| Brazil | Luitgards-Moura (2005) | 1,239 | 1.6 | 1.0 – 2.5 | 1.02b | ≃ |
| Avila-Arzanegui (2013) | 7 | 14.3 | 2.6–51.3 | Above | ||
| Chile | Lucas (2009) | 8 | 12.5 | 2.2 – 47.1 | 0.99b | Above |
| Colombia | Lucas (2009) | 63 | 4.8 | 1.6 – 13.1 | 0.96b | Above |
| Patricio-Talayero (2008) | 131 | 1.5 | 0.4 – 5.4 | ≃ | ||
| Gimenez-Marti (2006) | 185 | 0.5 | 0.1 – 3.0 | ≃ | ||
| Ecuador | Barona-Vilar (2012a) | 571 | 0.2 | 0 – 1.0 | 1.74b | Below |
| Lucas (2009) | 118 | 1.7 | 0.5 – 6.0 | ≃ | ||
| Paricio-Talayero (2008) | 195 | 1.5 | 0.5 – 4.4 | ≃ | ||
| Gimenez-Marti (2006) | 185 | 0.5 | 0.1 – 3.0 | ≃ | ||
| Piron (2008) | 223 | 0.5 | 0.1–2.5 | ≃ | ||
| El Salvador | El Ghouzzi (2010) | 14 | 14.3 | 4.0 – 39.9 | 3.37b | Above |
| Honduras | Barona-Vilar (2012a) | 55 | 3.6 | 1.0 – 12.3 | 3.05b | ≃ |
| Mexico | Custer (2012) | 26,541 | 0.12 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 1.03b | Below |
| Nicaragua | Lucas (2009) | 5 | 20.0 | 3.6 – 62.4 | 1.14b | Above |
| Paraguay | See figure 4 | See figure 4 | See figure 4 | See figure 4 | 2.54b | See figure 4 |
| Lucas (2009) | 6 | 16.7 | 3.0 – 56.4 | Above | ||
| Ramos (2012b) | 128 | 4.6 | 2.2 – 9.8 | ≃ | ||
| Ramons (2012a) | 46 | 6.5 | 2.2 – 17.5 | ≃ | ||
| Piron (2008) | 15 | 6.7 | 1.2 – 29.8 | ≃ | ||
| Avila-Arzanegui (2013) | 21 | 9.5 | 2.7–28.9 | Above | ||
| Peru | Lucas (2009) | 10 | 10.0 | 1.8 – 40.4 | 0.69b | Above |
| Munoz-Vilches (2012) | 44 | 2.3 | 0.4 – 11.8 | ≃ | ||
| Non-endemic countries | ||||||
| Australia | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.7c | n/a |
| Canada | O’Brien (2013) | 3,675 | 0.3 | 0.2 – 0.5 | 1.8c | Below |
| Steele (2007) | 102 | 1.0 | 0.2 – 5.4 | ≃ | ||
| France | El Ghouzzi (2010) | 972 | 0.31 | 0.1 – 0.9 | 1.3 – 1.7d | Below |
| Lescure (2008) | 254 | 20.1 | 15.6 – 25.4 | Above | ||
| Japan | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0.97c | n/a | |
| Italy | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.7 – 3.1d | n/a | |
| Portugal | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.0d | n/a | |
| Spain | See figure 2 | See figure 2 | See figure 2 | See figure 2 | 2.7 – 4.8d | See figure 2 |
| Switzerland | Jackson (2010) | 1,012 | 12.8 | 10.9 – 15.1 | 2 – 4.8d | Above |
| Jackson (2009) | 72 | 9.7 | 4.8 – 18.7 | ≃/Above | ||
| Martinez de Tejada (2009) | 305 | 2.0 | 1.0 – 4.2 | ≃ | ||
| United Kingdom | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.3 – 2.4d | n/a |
| United States | Custer (2012) | 31,615 | 0.17 | 0.1 – 0.2 | 1.3 – 1.4c,e | Below |
| Edwards (2013) | 3,090 | 0.32 | 0.2 – 0.6 | Below | ||
a
Migrant prevalence was classified as the same as countrywide prevalence if it fell within the countrywide confidence intervals
b
Estimates come from Pan American Health Organization, 2006
c
Estimates come from Gascon, 2010
d
Estimates come from Basile, 2011
e
Estimates come from Bern, 2009
n/a= not available