Table 4. Fatty acid profile (g of individual fatty acids/100g of total fatty acid) of pasta fortified with different tilapia flour levels.
Fatty acids | PTF0% | PTF6% | PTF12% | PTF17% | PTF23% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C14:0 | 43.87±2.46a | 29.74±1.35b | 23.22±1.10c | 22.21±1.16c | 21.92±1.75c |
C15:0 | 0.00±0.00d | 2.06±0.13c | 4.81±0.00b | 4.41±0.33b | 7.35±0.28a |
C16:0 | 16.29±0.47b | 19.22±0.92a | 20.39±0.64a | 21.09±2.08a | 19.77±0.48a |
C16:1 | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 3.64±0.15b | 3.90±0.38b | 4.74±0.45a |
C17:1 | 2.99±0.25a | 2.13±0.02b | 1.76±0.09b | 1.10±0.09c | 1.12±0.11c |
C18:0 | 10.65±0.94c | 20.63±1.90ab | 24.22±0.35a | 23.12±0.68ab | 19.58±1.55b |
C18:1 | 22.40±0.27a | 16.41±0.11b | 13.11±1.23c | 11.79±0.36c | 11.25±0.10c |
C18:2 | 0.00±0.00d | 1.59±0.10c | 2.52±0.22b | 3.32±0.30a | 3.51±0.26a |
C18:3n3 | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.28±0.00b | 0.34±0.04a | 0.28±0.00b |
C18:3n6 | 0.00±0.00c | 0.57±0.05b | 0.66±0.00b | 1.91±0.14a | 1.86±0.07a |
C20:1 | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.97±0.00b | 1.21±0.02a | 1.13±0.11ab |
C20:3n3 | 0.00±0.00c | 1.27±0.12b | 1.54±0.13ab | 1.65±0.16a | 1.54±0.11ab |
C21:0 | 1.17±0.13d | 1.81±0.13c | 2.47±0.25b | 2.89±0.07b | 5.97±0.06a |
C22:1n9 | 0.00±0.00c | 0.00±0.00c | 0.26±0.00ab | 0.25±0.02b | 0.29±0.02a |
C22:2 | 0.00±0.00b | 0.69±0.07a | 0.65±0.06a | 0.60±0.06a | 0.66±0.06a |
∑ SFA | 71.99±1.78a | 73.46±1.67a | 75.12±0.12a | 73.72±2.08a | 74.59±0.55a |
∑ MUFA | 25.39±0.10a | 18.54±0.12b | 19.48±1.31b | 18.21±0.03b | 18.29±0.52b |
∑ PUFA | 0.00±0.00d | 4.12±0.04c | 5.91±0.05b | 8.07±0.19a | 8.14±0.56a |
PTF0%, PTF6%, PTF12%, PTF17%, and PTF23% mean pasta with 0%, 6%, 12%, 17%, and 23% (w/w) of tilapia flour, respectively. ∑ SFA: sum of saturated fatty acid; ∑ MUFA: sum of monounsaturated fatty acid; ∑ PUFA: sum of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters indicate differences (p < 0.05) among formulations.