Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics
| Variables | 2002 (N = 14,199) | 2005 (N = 7,722) | 2008 (N = 4,055) | 2011 (N = 2,456) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (%) | SD | Mean (%) | SD | Mean (%) | SD | Mean (%) | SD | |
| Age (65–105 years) | 85.00 | 11.32 | 84.11 | 10.54 | 83.36 | 9.01 | 83.88 | 7.67 |
| Male | 44.26 | 46.11 | 47.03 | 47.37 | ||||
| No schooling | 60.10 | 56.59 | 54.43 | 53.16 | ||||
| Married | 33.95 | 37.05 | 38.50 | 39.78 | ||||
| Living alone | 13.91 | 13.80 | 16.20 | 15.90 | ||||
| Current smoker | 19.33 | 20.30 | 18.69 | 19.69 | ||||
| Regular physical exercise | 33.77 | 33.84 | 33.13 | 40.44 | ||||
| Frequency of social activity (1–5) | 4.70 | 0.83 | 4.66 | 0.90 | 4.72 | 0.83 | 4.66 | 0.90 |
| Loneliness (1–5) | 2.07 | 1.02 | 2.05 | 1.03 | 2,06 | 1.03 | 2.01 | 1.00 |
| Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (0–23) | 18.17 | 5.29 | 17.40 | 6.92 | 17.52 | 6.69 | 17.87 | 6.36 |
| Orientation domain (0–5) | 4.49 | 1.08 | 4.25 | 1.52 | 4.31 | 1.50 | 4.32 | 1.43 |
| Memory domain (0–6) | 4.47 | 1.91 | 4.42 | 2.13 | 4.37 | 2.15 | 4.42 | 2.08 |
| Attention and calculation domain (0–6) | 3.99 | 2.07 | 3.85 | 2.22 | 3.91 | 2.14 | 3.94 | 2.20 |
| Language domain (0–6) | 5.22 | 1.42 | 4.88 | 1.91 | 4.93 | 1.86 | 5.18 | 1.70 |
| Increase in number of chronic conditions | 0.10 | 1.30 | 0.10 | 1.36 | 0.21 | 1.45 | ||