Table 2.
Multiple Linear Regression Model Estimates Demonstrating Converging and Diverging External Validity of Eight OCS-Plus Measures
| Language | Memory | Executive | Attention | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Picture naming | Semantics | Orientation | Delayed word recall | Incidental | Trails | Rule finding | Target accuracy | |
| Male (ref: female) | 1.80 (1.4) | 0.13 (1.1) | 12.3*** (1.6) | −3.08+ (1.8) | −0.043 (1.4) | −4.83* (2.4) | 5.46*** (1.4) | 5.10* (2.0) |
| Age (ref: 40–49 years) | ||||||||
| 50–59 | −1.02 (1.7) | 0.61 (1.4) | −4.02* (2.0) | −3.37 (2.2) | −2.02 (1.7) | 1.25 (2.7) | −2.98+ (1.8) | −2.83 (2.2) |
| 60–69 | −4.04* (1.9) | −0.96 (1.6) | −6.17** (2.3) | −2.83 (2.5) | −2.79 (1.9) | 2.22 (3.2) | −6.69*** (2.0) | −4.85+ (2.6) |
| 70–79 | −10.5*** (2.1) | −2.04 (1.8) | −16.6*** (2.5) | −17.8*** (2.8) | −12.5*** (2.1) | −8.76* (4.0) | −10.6*** (2.2) | −5.12 (3.3) |
| Education (ref: none) | ||||||||
| 1–7 years | 12.2*** (1.4) | 4.65*** (1.2) | 25.7*** (1.7) | 4.37* (1.9) | 3.59* (1.4) | 3.99 (2.7) | 8.03*** (1.5) | 9.81*** (2.2) |
| 8+ years | 18.7*** (1.8) | 8.30*** (1.5) | 28.1*** (2.2) | 12.3*** (2.4) | 12.8*** (1.8) | 11.4*** (3.1) | 13.4*** (1.9) | 21.2*** (2.6) |
| Employment (ref: employed) | ||||||||
| Not working | −3.56+ (1.9) | −1.48 (1.5) | −5.74* (2.2) | −0.32 (2.4) | 1.41 (1.8) | 0.15 (3.0) | −0.30 (1.9) | −2.23 (2.5) |
| Homemaker | −4.10+ (2.4) | −1.49 (2.0) | −4.70 (2.9) | −1.56 (3.2) | 0.53 (2.4) | −0.81 (4.1) | −0.39 (2.5) | −2.50 (3.3) |
| Wealth index (ref: Q. 1) | ||||||||
| Quintile 2 | 3.80* (1.9) | −0.073 (1.6) | 2.62 (2.3) | −1.90 (2.6) | −0.56 (1.9) | −6.65+ (3.7) | 2.21 (2.1) | −2.08 (3.0) |
| Quintile 3 | 10.3*** (1.9) | 0.92 (1.5) | 5.85** (2.2) | −1.99 (2.4) | −0.14 (1.9) | −5.99+ (3.4) | 2.70 (2.0) | −3.39 (2.9) |
| Quintile 4 | 7.62*** (2.0) | 1.75 (1.7) | 9.19*** (2.4) | 1.57 (2.6) | 1.74 (2.0) | −1.10 (3.7) | 6.05** (2.1) | 1.68 (2.9) |
| Quintile 5 | 11.7*** (2.1) | 3.23+ (1.7) | 11.0*** (2.5) | 1.57 (2.7) | 1.43 (2.0) | −4.49 (3.6) | 9.11*** (2.2) | 4.69 (3.0) |
| Depression (ref: CESD 0) | ||||||||
| CESD Score 1 | 0.88 (2.1) | 2.15 (1.7) | −3.42 (2.5) | −3.49 (2.7) | 1.32 (2.1) | 0.97 (3.6) | 3.10 (2.2) | −0.60 (2.9) |
| CESD Score 2 | 0.14 (2.2) | 1.39 (1.8) | −5.66* (2.7) | −2.67 (2.9) | −2.03 (2.2) | 4.58 (3.9) | 2.31 (2.3) | −2.13 (3.1) |
| CESD Score 3+ | −1.71 (2.3) | 0.58 (1.9) | −4.15 (2.8) | −4.46 (3.1) | 2.00 (2.3) | 0.61 (4.1) | 4.40+ (2.5) | −0.64 (3.3) |
| Current drinker (ref: Nondrinker) | −2.46 (1.6) | −3.11* (1.4) | −8.98*** (2.0) | 1.35 (2.2) | −2.41 (1.6) | 3.55 (3.0) | −4.89** (1.8) | −0.83 (2.5) |
| Has ADLs (ref: none) | 0.74 (2.6) | 2.65 (2.2) | 0.024 (3.2) | −1.58 (3.5) | −1.62 (2.6) | 2.37 (4.9) | −3.62 (2.8) | −5.97 (3.9) |
| Observations | 1,398 | 1,398 | 1,398 | 1,398 | 1,398 | 951 | 1,348 | 893 |
Note: Standard errors in parentheses. + p < 0.10. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.