. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Med Clin North Am. 2017 Jan;101(1):229–245. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.005

Table 2.

Key medication adherence measures

Objective	Subjective
Pharmacy fill^6,17 • Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) • Proportion of Days Covered (PDC)^44,45 Electronic monitoring⁴⁶ Pill counts⁴⁶ Direct measurement of drug concentration in blood⁴⁶	Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), 4- item and 8-item versions^37,38,47 • MMAS-4 • MMAS-8 Krousel-Wood 4-item adherence tool (K-Wood-4)⁴⁸ Hill-Bone Compliance Scale⁴⁹ Medication Adherence Estimator⁵⁰