Table 1.

Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

Medication group		NI+OP	PI+ON	PI+OP	All
No. Patients		102	102	102	306
Age (years) (M±SE)		28.0±0.40	27.9±0.39	28.7±0.45	28.2±0.24
Sex	Male n (%)	74(72.5%)	74(72.5%)	74(72.5%)	226(72.5%)
	Female n (%)	28(27.5%)	28(27.5%)	28(27.5%)	84(27.5%)
Duration of heroin abuse (years) (M±SE)		7.8±0.38	7.9±0.41	8.3±0.39	8.0±0.23
Average daily dose of heroin (mg) (M±SE)		1.1±0.07	0.9±0.08	0.9±0.07	1.0±0.04
Use of amphetamines n (%)		12(11.8%)	6(5.9%)	18(17.6%)	26(12%)
Use of cocaine n (%)		0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)	0(0%)
Use marijuana n (%)		35(34.3%)	22(21.6%)	25(24.5%)	82(27%)
Use of sedatives (benzodiazepines) n (%)		15(14.7%)	10(9.8%)	9(8.8%)	34(11%)
Use of alcohol (grams of ethanol per day)		10.2±1.69	9.0±1.72	9.6±1.58	9.6±0.96
Number of previous treatments (M±SE)		4.9±0.41	4.3±0.37	3.8±0.31	4.3±0.21
Employment n (%)		47(46.1%)	42(41.2%)	51(50.0%)	140(46%)
HIV positive n (%)		44(43.0%)	53(52.0%)	47(46.5%)	144(47%)
Hepatitis B n (%)		18(17.8%)	16(16.0%)	13(13.0%)	47(15%)
Hepatitis C n (%)		98(96.1%)	98(96.0%)	96(95.1%)	293(96%)
RAB drug risk, score		8.0±0.47	8.1±0.44	8.7±0.49	8.2±0.27
GAF, score		64.7±0.81	62.8±0.72	62.5±0.90	63.3±0.47
ASI medical problems (M±SE)		0.13±0.23	0.07±0.11	0.09±0.14	0.10±0.12
ASI work problems (M±SE)		0.68±0.28	0.72±0.26	0.76±0.26	0.73±0.20
ASI alcohol use problems (M±SE)		0.11±0.12	0.08±0.09	0.10±0.09	0.10±0.06
ASI drug use problems (M±SE)		0.29±0.06	0.29±0.06	0.29±0.09	0.29±0.04
ASI law problems (M±SE)		0.11±0.21	0.07±0.11	0.10±0.15	0.09±0.09
ASI family problems (M±SE)		0.34±0.30	0.31±0.19	0.30±0.19	0.32±0.13
ASI psychiatric problems (M±SE)		0.15±0.18	0.19±0.20	0.18±0.21	0.17±0.11

Note: There is no significant between group differences.

RAB – Risk Assessment Battery;

GAF – Global Assessment of Functioning Scale;

ASI – Addiction Severity Index