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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2016 Jun 14;52(1):80–94. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12259

Table 2.

Participant Phase I Phase II

Target Condition %
increase
d2 Target Condition %
increase
d2
A /ɹV/ PML+US 74.9 20.59 /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 47.0 3.71
B /Vɹ/ PML+US 39.4 4.01 /ɝ/ PML+NoUS 15.0 4.24
C /Vɹ/ PML+US 25.6 1.38 /Cɹ/ PML+NoUS −4.4 −0.43
D /ɹV/ PML+US 21.9 4.79 /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 19.7 6.45
E /ɹV/ PML+US 18.3 1.32 /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 52.9 5.51
F /Vɹ/ PML+US 6.7 0.74 /ɹV/ PML+NoUS 87.5 27.24

Mean (SD) Phase I US 31.1
(23.9)
4.92
(7.76)
Phase II NoUS 36.3
(32.9)
7.79
(9.82)

G /ɹV/ PML+NoUS 72.4 12.34 /Vɹ/ PML+US 17.1 1.34
H /ɹV/ PML+NoUS 58.4 10.09 /Vɹ/ PML+US 59.1 11.19
I /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 39.2 3.04 /ɹV/ PML+US 24.3 2.44
J /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 6.8 1.15 /ɝ/ PML+US 69.7 14.56
K /Cɹ/ PML+NoUS 4.2 0.53 /Vɹ/ PML+US −0.9 −0.43
L /Vɹ/ PML+NoUS 0 0 /ɹV/ PML+US 0.3 0.15

Mean (SD) Phase I PML+NoUS 30.2
(31.0)
4.52
(5.33)
Phase II PML+US 28.25
(29.79)
4.88
(6.37)

Mean (SD) Phase I Total 30.7
(26.4)
4.72
(6.35)
Phase II Total 32.3
(30.2)
6.33
(8.03)

Mean (SD) PML+US Total 29.7
(25.8)
4.90
(6.77)
PML+NoUS Total 33.2
(30.6)
6.16
(7.72)

Note: PML=Principles of Motor Learning, US=Ultrasound, NoUS=No Ultrasound