Table 1.
Biomarkers of exposure levels during the study.
| Biomarker | THS |
CC |
SA |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=80 | N=41 | N=39 | |
| NEQa(mg/g creat) | |||
| Baseline | 9.01 (8.09; 10.03) | 8.69 (7.51; 10.04) | 9.53 (8.44; 10.76) |
| Day 5 | 10.60 (9.34; 12.04) | 9.76 (8.54; 11.15) | 0.14 (0.12; 0.17) |
| Nicotinea, b(ng/mL) | |||
| Baseline | 14.16 (12.62;15.89) | 14.03 (11.90; 16.53) | 14.39 (12.63; 16.40) |
| Day 5 | 20.74 (17.46; 24.62) | 19.01 (16.52; 21.87) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.12) |
| Cotininea, b(ng/mL) | |||
| Baseline | 208.54 (188.61; 230.58) | 211.26 (183.05; 243.82) | 220.60 (202.10, 240.79) |
| Day 5 | 239.99 (211.30; 272.58) | 219.73 (190.21; 253.83) | 2.05 (1.56; 2.67) |
| Total NNALa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 111.01 (95.44; 129.13) | 105.05 (84.10; 131.21) | 119.40 (94.97; 150.10) |
| Day 5 | 49.65 (42.47; 58.05) | 107.04 (85.90; 133.37) | 41.51 (31.76; 54.26) |
| Total NNNa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 4.81 (3.99; 5.78) | 4.34 (3.56; 5.28) | 5.14 (3.93; 6.70) |
| Day 5 | 1.55 (1.17; 2.05) | 5.99 (4.94; 7.26) | 0.16 (0.14; 0.19) |
| COHba, c(%) | |||
| Baseline | 4.65 (4.29; 5.04) | 4.68 (4.22; 5.18) | 4.96 (4.51; 5.46) |
| Day 5 | 1.06 (1.03; 1.08) | 4.51 (4.05; 5.01) | 0.99 (0.95; 1.03) |
| MHBMAa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 1888.27 (1542.95; 2310.86) | 2317.31 (1861.41; 2884.85) | 1699.39 (1200.16; 2406.29) |
| Day 5 | 192.93 (174.90; 212.83) | 2399.40 (1884.60; 3054.83) | 163.17 (138.41; 192.36) |
| 3-HPMAa(ng/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 841.84 (745.88; 950.14) | 799.37 (693.71; 921.13) | 861.88 (744.98; 997.12) |
| Day 5 | 402.26 (366.55; 441.45) | 931.01 (825.73; 1049.72) | 245.69 (226.15; 266.91) |
| S-PMAa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 2394.03 (1982.83; 2890.50) | 2765.20 (2227.38; 3432.88) | 2153.82 (1595.57; 2907.38) |
| Day 5 | 164.45 (144.45; 187.22) | 2922.81 (2362.80; 3615.54) | 143.70 (122.15; 169.04) |
| Total 1-OHPa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 217.69 (197.88; 239.48) | 218.41 (196.28; 243.03) | 223.95 (198.89; 252.17) |
| Day 5a | 81.22 (74.82; 88.16) | 182.85 (161.24; 207.37) | 85.13 (75.37; 96.15) |
| 4-ABPa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 13.25 (11.85; 14.81) | 13.11 (11.33; 15.16) | 13.53 (11.71; 15.63) |
| Day 5 | 1.9 (1.70; 2.12) | 12.58 (11.03; 14.34) | 1.60 (1.40; 1.83) |
| 1-NAa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 73.83 (66.48; 81.99) | 77.84 (66.32; 91.36) | 77.31 (67.76; 88.21) |
| Day 5 | 3.30 (2.89; 3.78) | 89.37 (77.81; 102.64) | 2.56 (2.25; 2.90) |
| 2-NAa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 24.54 (22.12; 27.22) | 24.14 (21.18; 27.51) | 24.59 (21.52; 28.10) |
| Day 5 | 2.96 (2.67; 3.28) | 25.32 (22.27; 28.79) | 2.52 (2.23; 2.84) |
| o-tola(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 135.20 (122.75; 148.90) | 131.32 (115.72; 149.01) | 132.49 (114.75; 152.97) |
| Day 5 | 51.15 (46.10; 56.75) | 121.16 (105.07; 139.71) | 41.64 (36.74; 47.18) |
| CEMAa(ng/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 98.03 (85.10; 112.92) | 98.46 (83.81; 115.67) | 103.51 (89.35; 119.91) |
| Day 5 | 13.18 (11.37; 15.27) | 99.48 (85.79; 115.35) | 12.6 (10.12; 15.70) |
| HEMAa(pg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 4161.66 (3409.70; 5079.44) | 4718.48 (3582.18; 6215.23) | 4114.78 (3127.42; 5413.84) |
| Day 5 | 1342.40 (1140.44; 1580.12) | 4504.00 (3506.73; 5784.88) | 1248.27 (980.62; 1588.98) |
| 3-HMPMAa(ng/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 479.34 (435.40; 527.72) | 460.52 (407.39; 520.59) | 443.71 (382.03; 515.35) |
| Day 5 | 86.65 (80.31; 93.49) | 376.78 (329.54; 430.80) | 63.25 (57.79; 69.22) |
| Total-3-OH-B[a]Pa(fg/mg creat) | |||
| Baseline | 161.17 (142.28; 182.57) | 149.47 (128.96; 173.23) | 169.58 (147.04; 195.57) |
| Day 5 | 37.07 (33.25; 41.32) | 130.29 (110.17; 154.07) | 33.64 (28.84; 39.24) |
Abbreviations: NC=not calculated. CC=conventional cigarette group; SA=smoking abstinence group; THS=Tobacco Heating System 2.2 group.
a
Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals are provided in the table. All urinary biomarkers of exposure were expressed as concentrations adjusted to creatinine.
b
Weighted average concentration over 24 h (Cavg).
c
Measured between 8:00 PM and 10:00 PM.