Table 1.
Characteristics of participants with type 1 diabetes stratified by gender.
| Variables | Adults with type 1 diabetes |
p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 298) |
Women (n = 354) |
||
| Age (years) | 37 ± 9 | 36 ± 9 | 0.07 |
| Duration (years) | 24 ± 9 | 23 ± 9 | 0.29 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 ± 1.2 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 0.90 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 64 ± 13 | 64 ± 14 | 0.90 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4 | 26 ± 5 | 0.09 |
| Adiponectin at baseline (μg/ml) | 12.5 ± 7.2 | 18.6 ± 9.4 | <0.0001 |
| Adiponectin at 6-year follow-up (μg/ml) | 12.0 ± 7.9 | 18.0 ± 9.4 | <0.0001 |
| CRP* at baseline (mg/l) | 2.36 (2.26–2.46) |
2.85 (2.69–3.02) |
<0.0001 |
| eIS (mg/kg/min) | 3.79 ± 1.39 | 4.78 ± 1.62 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 121 ± 14 | 114 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | <0.0001 |
| ACEi/ARB (yes, %) | 38 (112) | 32 (112) | 0.11 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104 ± 30 | 98 ± 28 | 0.007 |
| Current smoking (%) | 13% (36) | 12% (42) | 0.87 |
| AER* at baseline (μg/min) | 14 (11–17) | 8 (7–10) | <0.0001 |
| AER* at 6-year follow-up (μg/min) | 11 (9–13) | 7 (6–8) | 0.0003 |
| ACR* at baseline (mg/g) | 12 (10–15) | 10 (9–12) | 0.15 |
| ACR* at 6-year follow-up (mg/g) | 9 (7–11) | 7 (8–9) | 0.27 |
| eGFR by CKD-EPI creatinine (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 100 ± 27 | 105 ± 28 | 0.02 |
| eGFR by CKD-EPI creatinine at 6-year follow-up (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
97 ± 22 | 99 ± 21 | 0.43 |
| Rapid GFR decline >3 mL/min/1.73 m2 over 6-years (%) [n = 144] |
22% (52) | 32% (92) | 0.009 |
| Incident eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 6-year follow-up (%) [n = 15] |
2% (5) | 4% (10) | 0.35 |
| Persistent DKD (%) [n = 27] | 9% (16) | 5% (11) | 0.16 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise specified.
*
Geometric means ± 95% confidence interval.