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. 2016 Dec 15;7:1984. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01984

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Copyright © 2016 Aziz, Pandey, Barman and Prasad.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparative analysis of antibacterial efficacy of M. hiemalis-derived AgNP. (A) Zone of inhibition against four Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), Pseudomonas brassicacearum (Pb), Escherichia coli (Ec), and Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah), and two Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, Bacillus cereus (Bc) and Staphylococcus aureus (Sa); (B) Measurements of the antibacterial activity of AgNPs (NP) at 5, 10, 20, and 30 μg/ml concentration against the six bacterial pathogens; and (C) Effect of biologically synthesized AgNPs (NP) and antibiotics [streptomycin (S), tetracycline (T), kanamycin (K), and rifampicin (R)] used individually against the bacteria and in combination. The potential synergistic effect of biologically synthesized AgNPs with antibiotics was investigated at a uniform 10 μg/ml concentration for all the agents. Experiments were performed in triplicates; mean ± SD are shown, the asterisk (^∗) above the error bar represents statistically significant differences between the action of the biogenic NPs and the control group (p-value < 0.05).