Table 1. Concentrations of enzymes and proteins with carbonyl bonds as indicators of oxidative stress.
| Treatment | Exposure period | SOD (U/mL × mg) |
CAT (U/mL × mg) |
Protein carbonyl (nmol/mg) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | Range | ||
| Ambient (pH 7.9) | 0.25 month | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.17–0.21 | 0.67 ± 0.07 | 0.60–0.70 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.60–0.66 |
| Low (pH 7.3) | 0.25 month | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.21–0.22 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.64–0.70 | 0.41 ± 0.24 | 0.26–0.68 |
| Ambient (pH 7.9) | 6 months | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.17–0.21 | 0.58 ± 0.18 | 0.37–0.69 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.37–0.64 |
| Reduced (pH 7.6) | 6 months | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.15–0.20 | 0.55 ± 0.14 | 0.41–0.68 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.26–0.40 |
| Reduced (pH 7.6), increased temp | 6 months | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.18–0.21 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | 0.58–0.69 | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.26–0.54 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation concentration and concentration range (min-max) of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and protein carbonyl bonds (protein carbonyl) from individuals from a 0.25-month exposure and a six-month exposure. N = 3 for each concentration presented, U = activity level.