Table 1. Demographic characteristics and impulsivity scores of the sample (N = 1120).
| Variables | Non-problem gamblers (NPGs, n = 978) | At-risk gamblers (ARGs, n = 87) | Problem gamblers (PGs, n = 55) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (M ± SD) | 19.09 ± 1.03 | 19.29 ± 1.07 | 19.55 ± 1.02 |
| Gender, Male n (%) | 250 (25.6) | 37 (42.5) | 34 (61.8) |
| Ethnicity, Hans n (%) | 609 (62.3) | 55 (63.2) | 27 (49.1) |
| Home locality, Urban n (%) | 230 (23.5) | 19 (21.8) | 8 (14.5) |
| FTND score (M ± SD) | 0.05 ± 0.33 | 0.18 ± 0.77 | 0.36 ± 1.09 |
| AUDIT score (M ± SD) | 1.76 ± 2.07 | 2.93 ± 2.45 | 3.27 ± 2.45 |
| SOGS score (M ± SD) | 0.33 ± 0.63 | 3.36 ± 0.48 | 6.80 ± 1.98 |
| UPPSP score (M ± SD) | |||
| Sensation Seeking | 27.85 ± 6.31 | 28.77 ± 7.04 | 29.45 ± 7.17 |
| Lack of Perseverance | 20.93 ± 3.97 | 21.11 ± 4.01 | 21.71 ± 3.34 |
| Lack of Premeditation | 22.55 ± 4.88 | 22.11 ± 4.82 | 23.24 ± 5.49 |
| Negative Urgency | 25.97 ± 5.59 | 28.16 ± 5.49 | 29.51 ± 6.05 |
| Positive Urgency | 27.67 ± 6.50 | 29.48 ± 7.03 | 31.69 ± 7.04 |
| BIS-11 score (M ± SD) | |||
| Motor Impulsiveness | 20.25 ± 3.28 | 21.01 ± 3.31 | 21.85 ± 3.32 |
| Attentional Impulsiveness | 16.83 ± 3.33 | 17.43 ± 3.59 | 18.07 ± 3.14 |
| Non-planning Impulsiveness | 28.89 ± 4.49 | 29.37 ± 4.77 | 29.65 ± 4.88 |
| DDT score (M ± SD) | |||
| kgain/log-transformed | 0.30 ± 0.25/−0.73 ± 0.49 | 0.31 ± 0.27/−0.67 ± 0.42 | 0.32 ± 0.23/−0.68 ± 0.48 |
| kloss/log-transformed | 0.24 ± 0.23/−0.91 ± 0.56 | 0.25 ± 0.24/−0.87 ± 0.55 | 0.33 ± 0.23/−0.69 ± 0.53 |
Note. FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, SOGS = South Oaks Gambling Screen, UPPSP = UPPSP Impulsive Behaviors Scale, BIS = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, DDT = Delay-discounting Test, and k represents the discounting rate.