Table 1.
Subject Characteristics by Study Group
| Median (Q1, Q3), or no. (%) | HIV-infected N = 80 |
Controls N = 56 |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 21 (17, 23) | 18 (13, 23) | 0.12 |
| Male sex | 53 (66) | 28 (50) | 0.08 |
| Black race | 73 (91) | 46 (82) | 0.12 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 (19.6, 25.3) | 22.0 (19.1, 27.5) | 0.88 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 122 (114, 129) | 110 (103, 121) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 73 (68, 80) | 69 (64, 77) | 0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 47 (40, 56) | 54 (45, 63) | <0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 87 (69, 112) | 92 (69, 113) | 0.96 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 79 (64, 114) | 70 (47, 87) | 0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.0 (1.4, 3.8) | 2.1 (1.5, 3.0) | 0.73 |
| Current smoking | 23 (29) | 4 (7) | <0.01 |
| HIV duration, years | 6.5 (2.2, 14.5) | N/A | N/A |
| Current CD4 count, cells/mm3 | 652 (421, 872) | N/A | N/A |
| CD4 nadir, cells/mm3 | 290 (154, 424) | N/A | N/A |
| Undetectable HIV-1 RNA | 63 (79%) | N/A | N/A |
| HIV-1 RNA level if not undetectable, copies/mL (N=17)* | 89 (31, 590) | N/A | N/A |
| HIV-1 RNA <80 copies/mL | 70 (88%) | N/A | N/A |
| HIV-1 RNA level if >80 copies/mL (N=10) | 605 (143, 674) | N/A | N/A |
| Current ART use | 80 (100%) | N/A | N/A |
| Current NNRTI use | 33 (41%) | N/A | N/A |
| Current PI use | 49 (61%) | N/A | N/A |
| Cumulative duration of ART, years | 2.8 (1.2, 10.0) | N/A | N/A |
| Cumulative duration of NRTI, years | 2.6 (1.2, 8.8) | N/A | N/A |
| Cumulative duration of NNRTI, years | 0.6 (0, 2.2) | N/A | N/A |
| Cumulative duration of PI, years | 1.8 (0.6, 6.6) | N/A | N/A |
| Perinatal transmission | 36 (46%) | N/A | N/A |
| Prior AIDS diagnosis** | 28 (35%) | N/A | N/A |
Because there were several different assays used in the clinical laboratories to measure HIV-1 RNA levels, there were varying lower limits of detection (<20, <40, <48, <79 and <80 copies/mL). <80 copies/mL was the highest cut-off that defined an undetectable HIV-1 RNA.
As classified by the CDC 2008 Revised Surveillance Case Definition [47]
Q, quartile; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; N/A, not applicable; ART, antiretroviral therapy; NRTI, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; CDC, Centers for Disease Control