Table 2.
Correlations Between Variables of Interest and Markers of Immune Activation and Exhaustion in the HIV-infected Subjects
| A. | % CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+1 | % CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | R=0.36 P<0.01 |
R=0.39 <0.01 |
|
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | R=−0.29 P=0.01 |
R=−0.23 P=0.04 |
|
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | R=−0.42 P<0.01 |
R=−0.24 P=0.04 |
|
| HIV duration, years | NS | R=−0.27 P=0.02 |
|
| ART duration, years | R=−0.33 P<0.01 |
R=−0.34 P<0.01 |
|
| NRTI duration, years | R=−0.35 P<0.01 |
R=−0.34 P<0.01 |
|
| Current CD4 count, cells/mm3 | R=−0.33 P<0.01 |
R=−0.33 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ | N/A | R=0.71 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+PD1+ | R=0.89 P<0.01 |
R=0.75 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+PD1+ | R=0.46 P<0.01 |
R=0.76 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD14+CD16+ | R=0.26 P=0.03 |
NS | |
| % CD14dimCD16+ | R=−0.42 P<0.01 |
NS | |
| B. | % CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+PD1+3 | % CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+PD1+4 | |
| Age, years | R=0.48 P<0.01 |
R=0.24 P=0.03 |
|
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | R=−0.24 P=0.04 |
NS | |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | R=−0.37 <0.01 |
NS | |
| ART duration, years | R=−0.38 P=0.04 |
NS | |
| NRTI duration, years | R=−0.39 P<0.01 |
NS | |
| Current CD4 count, cells/mm3 | R=−0.43 P<0.01 |
R=−0.3 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+PD1+ | N/A | R=0.60 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD14+CD16+ | R=0.30 P=0.02 |
R=0.30 P<0.01 |
|
| % CD14dimCD16+ | R=−0.31 P<0.01 |
NS | |
| C. | % CD14+CD16+5 | % CD14dimCD16+6 | sCD147 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | NS | R=−0.25 P=0.02 |
NS |
| NNRTI duration, years | NS | NS | R=0.33 P=0.03 |
| Total use of EFV, years | NS | NS | R=0.31 P=0.01 |
Mean % of CD4+ T-cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR;
Mean % of CD8+ T-cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR;
Mean % of CD4+ T-cells expressing CD38, HLA-DR, and PD-1;
Mean % of CD8+ T-cells expressing CD38, HLA-DR, and PD-1;
Mean % of monocytes expressing CD14+CD16+;
Mean % of monocytes expressing CD14dimCD16+;
Mean plasma concentration of sCD14
N.B. For continuous variables, Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used to assess correlation. Number on top represents Spearman Correlation Coefficient and number on bottom represents P-value. CD4 nadir also tested but did not have any significant relationships. For each correlation between two immune activation/exhaustion markers, the inverse correlation is also true, but for simplicity, is listed only once.
NS, not significant; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ART, antiretroviral therapy; NRTI, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; N/A, not applicable; sCD14, soluble CD14; NNRTI, non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; EFV, efavirenz