Table 5.
Univariate and Multivariate Associations of Cpc-PH in PH-LHD.
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Age- and Sex-Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 1.27 (1.01–1.60) | 1.27 (1.01–1.61) | 0.043 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 1.01 (0.997–1.03) | 0.39 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 0.75 (0.56–1.00) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.27 |
| Heart failure | 1.06 (0.83–1.35) | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) | 0.55 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 1.00 (0.79–1.26) | 0.98 |
| Obesity | 1.28 (1.02–1.62) | 1.13 (090–1.44) | 0.30 |
| CAD | 0.46 (0.36–0.60) | 0.59 (0.45–0.77) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | 1.48 (1.07–2.05) | 0.017 |
| Anemia | 0.69 (0.55–0.87) | 0.76 (0.60–0.96) | 0.021 |
| Medications | |||
| CCB | 0.89 (0.64–1.22) | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) | 0.60 |
| Diuretic agents | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) | 0.96 |
| Βeta-blockers | 0.71 (0.56–0.89) | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 0.007 |
| ACE inhibitors | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) | 0.013 |
| ARB | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | 1.27 (0.91–1.77) | 0.17 |
| Endothelin blockers | 7.06 (2.76–18.05) | 5.10 (1.96–13.25) | 0.001 |
| PDE5 inhibitors | 3.37 (1.87–6.06) | 3.07 (1.69–5.58) | < 0.001 |
| Prostacyclins | 9.62 (3.89–23.31) | 6.99 (2.79–17.52) | < 0.001 |
| Labs | |||
| BNP (pg/ml) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.185 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 0.15 |
| GFR (per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 1.00 (1.0–1.04) | 0.89 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 1.15 (1.09–1.22) | <0.001 |
| Hemodynamics | |||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 1.01(1.01–1.02) | 1.01 1.00–1.02) | 0.007 |
| Systolic BP mm Hg) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01(1.00–1.01) | 0.008 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | < 0.001 |
| Mean RA pressure (mm Hg) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic PA pressure (mm Hg) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic PA pressure (mm Hg) | 1.24 (1.21–1.26) | 1.23 (1.20–1.26) | <0.001 |
| Mean PA pressure (mm Hg) | 1.14 (1.12–1.15) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | < 0.001 |
| PAWP (mm Hg) | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) | < 0.001 |
| PVR (Wood units) | 1.96 (1.81–2.12) | 1.99 (1.83–2.16) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac index (l/min/m2) | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) | 0.81 (0.71–.93) | 0.002 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.99 (0.99–1.0) | < 0.001 |
| PA oxygen saturation (%) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | < 0.001 |
| Capacitance (ml/mm Hg) | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | < 0.001 |
| RC time (0.1 s) | 3.82 (2.24–6.54) | 3.78 (2.19–6.52) | <0.00 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEDD (cm) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.001 |
| LVESD (cm) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.03 |
| LV posterior wall (cm) | 0.94 (0.89–0.99) | 0.96 (0.92–1.02) | 0.18 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.0 (0.99–1.00) | 0.03 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.059 |
| Left atrial enlargement | 0.65 (0.50–0.85) | 0.75 (0.56–0.99) | 0.043 |
| LVH | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | 1.04 (0.80–1.36) | 0.75 |