Table 1.

Data Sources Collected by Case Using the Knowledge to Action Framework

Action Cycle	Data Source	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
Step 1: Identify the problem	Local KU team	√	√	√
Step 2: Assess barriers/facilitators to using COSTaRS	Interviews or focus groups	16 nurses/managers 4 patients/family	8 nurses/managers 8 patients/family	10 nurses/managers 3 patients/family
	Barriers survey with nurses and managers	31/44 (70%)	28/50 (56%)	19/73 (26%)
Step 3: Adapt COSTaRS to the local context	Local KU team Data from step 2	√	√	√
Step 4: Select/tailor interventions and implement COSTaRS	Local KU team Data from step 2	√	√	√
	Training workshop survey	29/30 (96.7%)	41/42 (97.6%)	20/35 (48.8%)
Step 5: Monitor use of COSTaRS	Chart audit eligible symptom telephone calls	77/100 (77%)	19/81 (23.5%)	89/118 (75.4%)
	Repeat barriers survey	11/29 (38%)	14 nurses	7/31 (23%)
Step 6: Evaluate outcomes	None	n/a	n/a	n/a
Step 7: Assess sustained use of COSTaRS	Repeat barriers survey	11 nurses	14 nurses	7 nurses
	Repeat focus group	9 nurses	n/a	n/a

COSTaRS = pan‐Canadian oncology symptom triage and remote support protocols; KU = knowledge users; n/a = not applicable.