Table 2.

Alteration of MAPK signaling affecting ROS responses.

Plant species	Alteration of MAPK signaling	ROS responses	Reference (s)
Arabidopsis thaliana	anp2/anp3 mutant (WS)	Increasing O2•− production; Inhibiting H2O2 production in response to OGs or elf18; Over-accumulating Fe-SOD1, Mn-SOD, DHAR1, and CPN20	Savatin et al. [151]; Takac et al. [182]
Arabidopsis thaliana	anp1/anp2 or anp1/anp3 mutant (WS); anp1/anp2/anp3 (conditional) mutant	Inhibiting H2O2 production in response to OGs or elf18	Savatin et al. [151]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmkk1	Inhibiting CAT1 expression and H2O2 accumulation in response to ABA, drought, and salt stresses	Xing et al. [70]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMKK1-or AtMPK6-overexpressing	Promoting CAT1 expression and H2O2 accumulation in response to ABA	Xing et al. [70], [71]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMKK5-overexpressing	Promoting CSD1/CSD2 expression under high light stress	Xing et al. [14]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMKK5-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone; Inhibiting CSD1/CSD2 expression under high light stress; Inhibiting salt-induced FSD2/FSD3 expression	Miles et al. [183]; Xing et al. [14]; Xing et al. [15]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmkp1 mutant (WS)	Enhancing ROS production in response to elf26	Anderson et al. [53]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmkp2 mutant	Over-accumulating H2O2 or O2•− in response to MV	Lumbreras et al. [56]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMKP2-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone	Lee and Ellis [55]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMPK6-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone; Over-accumulating antioxidant proteins in response to ozone	Miles et al. [184]; Miles et al. [119]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmpk3 mutant	Suppressing H2O2 accumulation in SIT1- overexpressing seedlings	Li et al. [185]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmpk6 mutant	Inhibiting H2O2-induced NO generation; Inhibiting CAT1 expression and H2O2 accumulation in response to ABA; Promoting primary root elongation in response to H2O2; Suppressing H2O2 accumulation in SIT1- overexpressing seedlings	Han et al. [186]; Li et al. [185]; Wang et al. [167]; Xing et al. [71]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmpk8 mutant	Over-expression of AtRbohD and OXI1, and over-accumulating H2O2 in response to wounding	Takahashi et al. [84]
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtMPK8-GFP-overexpressing	Decreasing H2O2 accumulation in response to wounding	Takahashi et al. [84]
Arabidopsis thaliana	atmpk9/atmpk12 mutant	Blocking H2O2-induced stomatal closure	Jammes et al. [159]
Arabidopsis thaliana	DEX-inducible AtMKP2-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone	Lee and Ellis [55]
Arabidopsis thaliana	Guard cell-specific AtMPK3-RNAi	Inhibiting stomatal response to H2O2	Gudesblat et al. [153]
Arabidopsis thaliana	mekk1, atmkk1/atmkk2, or atmpk4 mutant	Accumulating H2O2; Alteration of ROS -related genes	Bjornson et al. [73]; Gao et al. [105]; Gawronski et al. [69]; Ichimura et al. [62]; Nakagami et al. [63]; Pitzschke et al. [68]
Arabidopsis thaliana	mkkk20 mutant	Over-accumulating H2O2 in response to salt stress	Kim et al. [172]
Arabidopsis thaliana	Overexpressing DEX-inducible NtMEK2DD, AtMKK4DD, or AtMKK5DD	Over-accumulating H2O2 and HR-like cell death	Ren et al. [98]
Arabidopsis thaliana	MKKK7DD- overexpressing	Inhibiting ROS production in response to flg22	Mithoe et al. [165]
Arabidopsis thaliana	PD98059 treatment	Inhibiting G/GO-induced gst1 and pal1 expression	Grant et al. [18], [187]
Glycine max	GmMPK4-VIGS	Accumulating H2O2	Liu et al. [188]
Nicotiana attenuata	NaMPK4-RNAi	Inhibiting H2O2-induced stomatal closure	Hettenhausen et al. [157]
Nicotiana benthamiana	Transient expression of NbMEK1DD or StMEK2DD	NbRbohB expression and NbRbohB-dependent ROS generation in response to INF1 or R3a/AVR3a	Adachi et al. [88]; Asai et al. [87]; Yoshioka et al. [86]
Nicotiana benthamiana	SIPK-VIGS; NTF6-VIGS	Reducing NbRbohB expression and NbRbohB-dependent ROS production in response to INF1	Asai et al. [87]
Nicotiana benthamiana	Transient expression of BnMPK4CA	Over-accumulating H2O2 and cell death	Zhang et al. [64]
Nicotiana tabacum	NtMPK4-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone	Gomi et al. [156]
Nicotiana tabacum	OsIBR5-overexpressing	Hypersensitive to H2O2 stress (100 mM)	Li et al. [189]
Nicotiana tabacum	Overexpressing DEX-inducible NtMEK2DD	Promoting chloroplastic H2O2 production under light and HR-like cell death	Liu et al. [103]
Nicotiana tabacum	SIPK-overexpressing	Reducing H2O2 accumulation in response to harpin	Samuel et al. [99]
Nicotiana tabacum	SIPK-overexpressing or SIPK-RNAi	Hypersensitive to ozone	Samuel and Ellis [118]
Nicotiana tabacum	ZmMPK7-overexpressing	Reducing H2O2 accumulation under osmotic stress	Zong et al. [190]
Nicotiana tabacum	SIPK-RNAi	Over-accumulating H2O2 in response to harpin	Samuel et al. [99]
Solanum lycopersicon	SlMPK1/SlMPK2-VIGS; SlMPK2-VIGS	Reducing H2O2 accumulation in response to BR	Nie et al. [179]
Vicia faba	SB203580 treatment	Blocking H2O2-induced stomatal closure	Jiang et al. [191]
Zea mays	PD98059 or U0126 treatment	Inhibiting BR-induced apoplastic H2O2 production	Zhang et al. [92]

BnMPK4^CA: Constitutively active form of BnMPK4 protein; DEX: Dexamethasone; BR: Brassinosteroid; Elf18: Synthetic polypeptide that corresponds to the bacterial PAMP elongation factor-Tu; INF1: Elicitin produced by Phytophthora infestans; MV: Methyl viologen; NtMEK2^DD: Constitutively active form of NtMEK2 protein; NO: nitric oxide; OGs: Oligogalacturonides; PD98059 or U0126: Inhibitor of MEK in mammalian cells; R3a/AVR3a: Potato R protein/P. infestans effector pair; RNAi: RNA interference; SB203580: Inhibitor of p38 (MAPK) in mammalian cells; VIGS: Virus-induced gene silencing; WS: Wassilewskija (WS) ecotype A. thaliana.