Table 2.
Differences in mean (SE) Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores for 2–5 year olds by consumption of selected fruit and vegetable subgroups.
| Healthy Eating Index scorea | Fruit juice |
P | Whole fruit |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not consume (n = 606, 24%) | Consumed (n = 1989, 76%) | Did not consume (n = 755, 26%) | Consumed (n = 1840, 74%) | |||
| Total fruit | 2.2 (0.12) | 4.0 (0.05) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (0.1) | 4.1 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
| Whole fruit | 2.7 (0.12) | 3.0 (0.10) | 0.038 | – | 3.9 (0.07) | – |
| Total vegetables | 2.2 (0.08) | 2.1 (0.05) | 0.283 | 2.1 (0.08) | 2.1 (0.06) | 0.625 |
| Greens and beans | 0.8 (0.08) | 0.7 (0.07) | 0.287 | 0.6 (0.08) | 0.7 (0.06) | 0.456 |
| Whole grains | 2.6 (0.15) | 2.3 (0.10) | 0.148 | 1.5 (0.10) | 2.7 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Dairy | 8.5 (0.15) | 7.9 (0.10) | 0.003 | 7.7 (0.17) | 8.2 (0.10) | 0.017 |
| Total protein foods | 3.4 (0.10) | 3.4 (0.05) | 0.849 | 3.5 (0.10) | 3.3 (0.06) | 0.241 |
| Seafood and plant proteins | 1.2 (0.12) | 1.5 (0.08) | 0.073 | 1.2 (0.09) | 1.5 (0.08) | 0.004 |
| Fatty acids | 2.8 (0.18) | 3.4 (0.13) | 0.007 | 3.4 (0.21) | 3.2 (0.13) | 0.413 |
| Refined grains | 6.1 (0.17) | 6.2 (0.14) | 0.504 | 5.6 (0.21) | 6.4 (0.13) | 0.001 |
| Sodium | 5.0 (0.18) | 6.0 (0.12) | < 0.001 | 5.1 (0.20) | 6.0 (0.12) | < 0.001 |
| Empty calories | 9.3 (0.28) | 10.5 (0.16) | 0.001 | 8.3 (0.30) | 10.9 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| Total HEI score | 46.7 (0.58) | 50.9 (0.54) | < 0.001 | 41 (0.74) | 53 (0.46) | < 0.001 |
| Non-starchy vegetables | P | White potatoes | P | |||
| Did not consume (n = 399, 15%) | Consumed (n = 2196, 85%) | Did not consume (n = 1278, 50%) | Consumed (n = 1317, 50%) | |||
| Total fruit | 3.3 (0.13) | 3.6 (0.06) | 0.051 | 3.7 (0.08) | 3.4 (0.07) | 0.007 |
| Whole fruit | 2.6 (0.18) | 2.9 (0.09) | 0.027 | 3.2 (0.11) | 2.6 (0.11) | < 0.001 |
| Total vegetables | 0.9 (0.07) | 2.3 (0.05) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (0.07) | 2.6 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
| Greens and beans | 0.2 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.06) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.08) | 0.6 (0.06) | 0.068 |
| Whole grains | 2.4 (0.21) | 2.4 (0.09) | 0.807 | 2.7 (0.10) | 2.1 (0.12) | < 0.001 |
| Dairy | 7.8 (0.20) | 8.1 (0.09) | 0.135 | 8.3 (0.12) | 7.8 (0.11) | 0.002 |
| Total protein foods | 3.2 (0.10) | 3.4 (0.05) | 0.140 | 3.3 (0.07) | 3.5 (0.05) | 0.039 |
| Seafood and plant proteins | 1.3 (0.15) | 1.5 (0.08) | 0.187 | 1.6 (0.10) | 1.2 (0.08) | 0.004 |
| Fatty acids | 3.5 (0.20) | 3.2 (0.13) | 0.131 | 2.9 (0.16) | 3.6 (0.13) | < 0.001 |
| Refined grains | 6.4 (0.29) | 6.2 (0.13) | 0.452 | 5.5 (0.18) | 6.9 (0.12) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium | 7.0 (0.21) | 5.6 (0.12) | < 0.001 | 5.7 (0.13) | 6.0 (0.14) | 0.090 |
| Empty calories | 9.2 (0.32) | 10.4 (0.17) | 0.003 | 10.3 (0.24) | 10.1 (0.24) | 0.644 |
| Total HEI score | 47.8 (0.93) | 50.3 (0.49) | 0.017 | 49.4 (0.68) | 50.3 (0.54) | 0.285 |
a
Higher scores indicate better diet quality.