Table 1.

Concentrations of different metabolites detected in Valencia sweet orange (C. sinensis), orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata), and curry tree (Bergera koenegii) phloem sap (mM ± SD, n=6), using GC-MS.

compound	Valencia	Orange jasmine	Curry leaf tree		Valencia	Orange jasmine	Curry leaf tree
Amino acids				Mono- and disaccharides			ND
L-Alaninea	0.28 ± 0.08	0.73 ± 0.33	0.42 ± 0.14	Threose	ND	ND	ND
L-Valinea	0.19 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.10	0.18 ± 0.10	β-L-Arabinopyranose 1	0.49 ± 0.38	0.37 ± 0.13	0.16 ± 0.13
L-Isoleucinea	0.18 ± 0.02	0.02 ± 0.06	0.05 ± 0.09	Arabinosea	0.47 ± 0.18	ND	ND
L-Prolinea	2.75 ± 1.83	25.55 ± 8.29	2.46 ± 2.11	Xylosea	0.25 ± 0.07	0.73 ± 0.49	0.32 ± 0.06
Glycinea	0.38 ± 0.16	0.81 ± 0.47	0.60 ± 0.17	β-L-Arabinopyranose 2	0.36 ± 0.21	ND	ND
L-Serinea	0.55 ± 0.14	3.94 ± 0.55	1.12 ± 0.53	Unk Sugar furanose	ND	0.58 ± 0.63	0.21 ± 0.13
L-Threoninea	2.19 ± 0.91	7.53 ± 1.71	1.39 ± 0.77	Fructosea	27.15±22.00	19.02 ± 7.67	6.71 ± 5.63
L-Argininea	ND	7.00 ± 7.49	0.41 ± 0.20	Mannosea	0.52 ± 0.11	1.24 ± 0.59	0.47 ± 0.04
L-Aspartic acida	0.57 ± 0.40	1.38 ± 0.21	0.77 ± 0.80	Glucosea	51.61±32.83	18.94 ± 5.85	7.43 ± 5.36
L-Cysteinea	0.46 ± 0.35	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	Unk disaccharide (m/z 361)	0.13 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.04	0.11 ± 0.01
L-Asparagine 1a	1.86 ± 0.94	0.58 ± 0.15	0.57 ± 0 .13	Sucrosea	27.67±26 .81	39.77±18 .06	20.67 ± 5 .35
L-Ornithinea	ND	6.96 ± 3 .19	0.28 ± 0 .69	Turanosea	3.79 ± 1 .55	0.14 ± 0 .03	0.13 ± 0 .02
L-Glutamic acida	0.27 ± 0 .08	0.16 ± 0 .12	0.17 ± 0 .09	Trehalosea	ND	ND	ND
L-Phenylalaninea	0.21 ± 0 .05	0.53 ± 0 .17	0.18 ± 0 .09	Maltosea	ND	0.19 ± 0 .08	0.16 ± 0 .04
L-Asparagine 2a	0.54 ± 0 .25	ND	ND	TOTAL	112.44 ± 84 .16	81.1 ± 33 .57	36.37 ± 16 .77
TOTAL	10.43 ± 5 .23	55.55 ± 22 .84	8.6 ± 5 .91	Sugar alcohols
Other Amines				Erythritola	0.18 ± 0 .00	0.57 ± 0 .14	0.22 ± 0 .03
γ-Aminobutyric acida	1.80 ± 1 .18	8.50 ± 1 .69	1.71 ± 1 .75	Xylitola	0.25 ± 0 .07	0.22 ± 0 .03	0.22 ± 0 .04
Synephrinea	1.65 ± 0 .98	ND	0.40 ± 0 .32	Glucitola	0.47 ± 0 .23	ND	ND
Putrescinea	5.13 ± 4 .78	122.19±16 .38	1.41 ± 0 .70	Mannitola	0.27 ± 0 .06	0.27 ± 0 .03	0.15 ± 0 .16
2-Aminopropanol	1.44 ± 1 .18	0.38 ± 0 .44	0.45 ± 0 .24	chiro-Inositola	22.64±16 .28	13.93 ± 8 .14	3.50 ± 1 .04
N-Carboxy-glycine	0.45 ± 0 .14	0.27 ± 0 .10	0.25 ± 0 .05	Unk S Alc (m/z 319)	2.90 ± 1 .65	1.51 ± 0 .58	0.90 ± 0 .04
N-Methyl-L-proline	1.01 ± 0 .37	0.59 ± 0 .13	2.10 ± 3 .47	scyllo-Inositola	9.70 ± 7 .02	2.09 ± 1 .29	1.10 ± 0 .28
N-Acetyl-L-Proline	0.29 ± 0 .14	ND	ND	Myo-Inositola	11.91 ± 5 .46	7.07 ± 2 .20	4.85 ± 1 .94
Unk Amine (m/z 116)	0.86 ± 1 .15	4.85 ± 5 .61	3.60 ± 1 .34	Unk S Alc (m/z 319) (BK)	ND	1.09 ± 0 .55	0.42 ± 0 .46
TOTAL	12.63 ± 92	136.78±47 .20	9.90±7 .80	Unk S Alc (m/z 290)	1.62 ± 0 .56	2.07 ± 1 .68	0.94 ± 0 .06
Organic acids				TOTAL	49.94 ± 31 .33	28.82 ±14 .64	12.3 ± 4 .05
Pyruvic acid	0.20 ± 0 .23	0.08 ± 0 .03	0.05 ± 0 .03	Sugar acids
Lactic acid	0.42 ± 0 .66	0.33 ± 0 .07	0.19 ± 0 .11	Glutaric acida	1.14 ± 0 .32	ND	ND
Glycolic acida	0.14 ± 0 .17	0.24 ± 0 .11	0.11 ± 0 .09	2-Ketoglutonic acid	1.92 ± 1 .32	0.00 ± 0 .00	2.85 ± 0 .47
Oxalic acida	0.10 ± 0 .03	0.19 ± 0 .07	0.13 ± 0 .06	2-Ketoglutaric acida	1.14 ± 0 .32	0.11 ± 0 .29	0.40 ± 0 .44
Dimethylmalonic acida	0.09 ± 0 .08	ND	ND	2-Hydroxyglutaric acid	1.46 ± 0 .20	ND	ND±
Malonic acida	0.10 ± 0 .12	0.27 ± 0 .16	0.07 ± 0 .04	Ribonic acida	0.90 ± 0 .92	0.94 ± 0 .65	0.25 ± 0 .22
Benzoic acida	2.30 ± 3 .89	0.15 ± 0 .04	0.32 ± 0 .12	Galacturonic acid 1a	ND	2.82 ± 1 .69	0.22 ± 0 .20
Butanoic acid	1.09 ± 0 .52	ND	0.33 ± 0 .31	Galacturonic acid 2a	2.36 ± 4 .56	ND	ND
Maleic acida	0.17 ± 0 .11	0.50 ± 0 .17	0.13 ± 0 .03	Galactonic acid	0.25 ± 0 .15	0.05 ± 0 .07	0.13 ± 0 .08
Succinic acida	0.27 ± 0 .17	0.49 ± 0 .10	0.34 ± 0 .15	Gluconic acida	ND	0.35 ± 0 .39	0.06 ± 0 .02
Propanoic, 1-oxo	0.12 ± 0 .08	0.46 ± 0 .11	5.90 ± 1 .49	Saccharica	12.45±11 .03	0.09 ± 0 .07	1.79 ± 1 .55
Fumaric acida	0.26 ± 0 .18	0.56 ± 0 .20	6.80 ± 5 .22	Galactaric acida	0.74 ± 0 .70	0.32 ± 0 .24	0.13 ± 0 .07
Malic acida	12.78 ± 9 .02	12.29±11 .83	ND	Unk SA 1 (MP)	0.26 ± 0 .19	4.72 ± 2 .69	ND
Threonic acida	5.34 ± 0 .55	4.66 ± 0 .11	0.52 ± 0 .31	Arabino-hexaric acid	0.54 ± 0 .37	0.98 ± 0 .46	0.38 ± 0 .14
Tartaric acida	ND	0.10 ± 0 .13	12.47 ± 3 .15	Glycerol-Glycoside	0.15 ± 0 .07	0.24 ± 0 .24	0.05 ± 0 .04
Shikimic acid	0.38 ± 0 .23	1.75 ± 2 .83	ND	Glucuronic acid	0.10 ± 0 .11	0.62 ± 0 .57	0.01 ± 0 .03
Citric acida	2.84 ± 0 .82	41.75±12 .08	5.17 ± 4 .94	Unk SA 2 (Val)	0.68 ± 0 .36	ND	ND
Isocitric acid	0.98 ± 0 .79	ND	ND	Unk SA 3 (Val)	1.63 ± 1 .80	ND	ND
Quinic acida	35.25 ±21 .27	10.14 ± 6 .05	0.06 ± 0 .03	Unk SA 4 (Val)	1.34 ± 2 .08	0.52 ± 0 .72	0.03 ± 0 .04
TOTAL	62.83 ± 38 .92	73.96 ± 34 .09	32.59 ± 16 .08	Unk SA 5 (Val)	3.68 ± 3 .14	ND	ND
Fatty acids				Unk SA 6 (Val)	4.26 ± 4 .30	ND	ND
Myristic acida	3.41 ± 2 .28	0.00 ± 0 .00	0.15 ± 0 .37	TOTAL	35±31 .94	11.76 ± 8 .08	6.3±3 .3
Palmitic acida	1.28 ± 0 .50	6.21 ± 2 .82	7.15 ± 2 .87	Phosphates
Stearic acida	4.45 ± 1 .15	9.74 ± 4 .41	8.51 ± 2 .84	Phosphoric acid	5.02 ± 4 .99	3.95 ± 0 .98	1.68 ± 0 .87
TOTAL	9.14 ± 3 .93	15.95 ± 7 .23	15.81 ± 6 .08	Glycerophosphate	0.00 ± 0 .00	0.00 ± 0 .00	ND
Phenolic compounds				Unk Sugar Phosphate	0.00 ± 0 .00	0.89 ± 0 .61	ND
Coumaric acid	1.63 ± 1 .42	0.13 ± 0 .06	0.04 ± 0 .04	TOTAL	5.02 ± 4 .99	4.84 ± 1 .59	1.68 ± 0 .87
Ferulic acida	0.68 ± 0 .37	2.97 ± 0 .86	0.14 ± 0 .07	Total metabolites	300.15 ± 212 .33	411.9 ± 147 .35	123.8±61 .06
Caffeic acid	0.41 ± 0 .12	0.06 ± 0 .04	0.05 ± 0 .02
TOTAL	2.72 ± 1 .91	3.16 ± 0 .96	0.23 ± 0 .13

^aCompound was identified by its identifier ions (m/z) and confirmed with references standard; otherwise tentatively identified by LRI and a matching score of 700 higher using NIST 2011 and Wiley 9^th ed. mass spectral databases and by comparison with entries in the Golm Metabolome Database (http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/).