Table 5.
Plasma and Hepatic Characteristics Following 14 Weeks of Diet.
| Variable | ND | HFD | HFD + Fru | FOD | FOD + Fru |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | |||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 158.2 ± 24.3 | 367.9 ± 38.9* | 241.9 ± 32.2† | 249.7 ± 10.1† | 281.2 ± 15.2* |
| Insulin (μg/L) | 0.61 ± 0.12 | 1.71 ± 0.26* | 2.14 ± 0.31* | 1.99 ± 0.57* | 2.46 ± 0.66* |
| HOMA-IR | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 41.5 ± 10.6* | 34.5 ± 8.0* | 30.7 ± 9.5 | 41.8 ± 11.3* |
| Tg (mg/dL) | 103.8 ± 5.9 | 82.5 ± 15.8 | 142.3 ± 15.0*,† | 134.2 ± 9.7*,† | 142.8 ± 9.4*,† |
| TC (mg/dL) | 131.3 ± 6.4 | 147.1 ± 10.7 | 193.2 ± 10.9* | 146.4 ± 12.3 | 228.7 ± 12.8*,†,‡,§ |
| Liver | |||||
| Total lipid (%) | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 1.8* | 10.7 ± 1.3* | 5.3 ± 1.2‡ | 9.8 ± 2.8* |
| Triglyceride (μg/mg tissue) | 10.5 ± 1.6 | 31.9 ± 9.6* | 69.4 ± 5.7*,† | 24.1 ± 3.6‡ | 39.2 ± 10.4*,‡ |
| Cholesterol (μg/mg tissue) | 10.4 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.2* | 8.0 ± 0.6*,† | 10.2 ± 0.7†,‡ | 12.9 ± 0.8*,†,‡,§ |
| Glycogen (μg/mg tissue) | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 12.4 ± 2.9*,†,‡ | 7.4 ± 2.9*,§ |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Normal diet and regular drinking water (ND; n = 8); high-fat diet and regular drinking water (HFD; n = 10); HFD and high-fructose solution (HFD + Fru; n = 8); high-fat Menhaden fish-oil diet and regular drinking water (FOD; n = 8); high-fat Menhaden fish-oil diet and high-fructose solution (FOD + Fru; n = 8). Tg, plasma triglyceride; TC, total plasma cholesterol.
*
P < 0.05 compared to ND.
†
P < 0.05 compared to HFD.
‡
P < 0.05 compared to HFD + Fru.
§
P < 0.05 compared to FOD.