Table 1. Definition of outcomes.

Term	Description
Patient outcomes	1.endpoint outcome: bleeding or thrombosis, hypoglycemic episodes, death, bleeding complications, adverse drug event, length of hospital stay, hospitalization
Process of care outcomes	1.medication error(dose): drug dose, antibiotic dose, insulin dosing, change in the drug dose, excess dose error. 2.medication error(prescription): changes in prescribing, prescription errors, appropriate prescription, medication administration errors, medication prescribing errors, medication errors of omission, alerting pharmacists to possible drug interaction, drug incompatibilities 3.adherence: physician compliance with alerts, physician compliance with reminders, adherence to guideline/recommendation, prescribing adherence, adherence to recommended vaccination, patient’ adherence to chronic medication 4.intermediate outcome: INR time in therapeutic range, serum concentration, time to achieve stabilization, physiological parameter change, blood glucose, physiological control, theophylline levels, time in target glucose range, time spent in target international normalized ratio, proportion of time in INR range, drug concentrations within desired range, digoxin serum aminoglycoside levels