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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2016 Jun 13;12(11):1239–1249. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2016.1196138

Figure 3. TREM-1 signaling mediated through DAP12 and downstream kinases leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

Figure 3

Upon ligand binding the phosphorylation of ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) associated with the adaptor protein DAP12 (DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa) occurs resulting in the recruitment and activation of Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase). Syk phosphorylates a battery of downstream kinases that activates NF-κβ and facilitates its nuclear translocation where it functions as a transcription factor for a panel of pro-inflammatory genes. TLR (toll-like receptor) signaling also integrates with TREM-1 pathway via NF-κβ signaling. All these events result in inflammation.