Table 1. Echocardiographic data in control and exercised rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia or room air for 14 days.
| CON | IHCON | EXE | IHEXE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Veh | Zinc | TPEN | Veh | Zinc | TPEN | Veh | Zinc | TPEN | Veh | Zinc | TPEN | |
| LVDd (mm) | ||||||||||||
| Day 0 | 7.69±0.35 | 7.90±0.34 | 7.89±0.08 | 7.98±0.28 | 7.76±0.15 | 7.82±0.47 | 7.90±0.18 | 8.18±0.37 | 7.81±0.35 | 7.80±0.32 | 8.06±0.13 | 8.03±0.23 |
| Day 14 | 7.74±0.28 | 8.23±0.17 | 7.77±0.39 | 8.03±0.15 | 7.21±0.33 | 8.08±0.25 | 8.26±0.29 | 7.66±0.19 | 8.23±0.25 | 7.99±0.19 | 7.88±0.52 | 8.70±0.22 |
| LVDs (mm) | ||||||||||||
| Day 0 | 3.69±0.16 | 3.78±0.30 | 3.94±0.14 | 3.79±0.15 | 3.56±0.09 | 3.70±0.18 | 3.78±0.11 | 3.83±0.21 | 3.61±0.16 | 3.61±0.17 | 3.65±0.18 | 3.66±0.12 |
| Day 14 | 3.49±0.20 | 3.72±0.05 | 3.66±0.18 | 4.60±0.11*,† | 3.34±0.18§ | 4.59±0.24*,¶ | 3.55±0.27‡ | 3.46±0.16 | 3.90±0.22 | 3.54±0.24‡ | 3.30±0.20 | 4.60±0.18*,§,¶ |
| LVFS (%) | ||||||||||||
| Day 0 | 51.9±1.4 | 52.5±1.9 | 50.1±1.3 | 52.5±1.1 | 54.0±1.6 | 52.6±1.0 | 52.0±1.7 | 53.1±1.2 | 53.7±1.4 | 53.7±1.2 | 54.8±1.9 | 54.4±1.1 |
| Day 14 | 54.9±2.2 | 53.9±1.4 | 52.8±1.9 | 42.7±0.5*,† | 53.5±2.7§ | 43.4±1.5*,¶ | 57.1±2.4‡ | 54.8±1.7 | 52.5±2.6 | 55.8±2.3‡ | 57.9±2.0 | 47.1±1.5*,§,¶ |
| LVEF (%) | ||||||||||||
| Day 0 | 87.1±1.1 | 87.5±1.5 | 85.7±1.1 | 87.6±0.8 | 88.7±1.2 | 87.7±0.7 | 87.2±1.2 | 88.0±0.9 | 88.5±1.0 | 88.5±0.9 | 89.1±1.4 | 89.0±0.8 |
| Day 14 | 89.2±1.4 | 88.6±0.9 | 87.7±1.4 | 79.0±0.5*,† | 88.1±1.8§ | 79.5±1.5*,¶ | 90.5±1.4‡ | 89.2±1.2 | 87.3±1.8 | 89.7±1.5‡ | 91.1±1.3 | 83.0±1.3*,§,¶ |
Values are presented as means±SEM. CON, controls; IHCON, intermittent hypoxia; EXE, exercise; IHEXE, IH interspersed with EXE; Veh, vehicle injection; zinc, zinc chloride injection; TPEN, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine injection. Echocardiographic parameters included the following: LVDd, end-diastolic dimension of the left ventricle; LVDs, end-systolic dimension of the left ventricle; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; and LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.
*p<0.05 compared with day 0;
†p<0.05 compared with CON-Veh;
‡p<0.05 compared with IHCON-Veh;
§p<0.05 compared with vehicle injection in all four groups (CON, IHCON, EXE, or IHEXE);
¶p<0.05 compared with zinc treatment in all four groups.