Table 2.

Factorial Invariance Across Language at Wave 5 (English vs. Spanish) and Across Time (Wave 5 vs. Wave 6) for the Cultural Socialization Attitudes Measure (CSAM)

Model	χ2(df)	Δχ2(Δdf)	p	Constraint Tenable
Invariance across language at Wave 5
Configural invariance	69.35 (10)	—	—	—
Loading invariance	72.99 (14)	3.64 (4)	46	Yes
Intercept invariance	77.76 (18)	4.77 (4)	.31	Yes
Invariance across time (Wave 5 vs. Wave 6)
Configural invariance	79.67 (29)	—	—	—
Loading invariance	80.66 (33)	.99 (4)	.91	Yes
Intercept invariance	81.50 (37)	.84 (4)	.93	Yes

Note. The configural invariance model placed no constraints across groups, the loading invariance model constrained the factor loadings across groups to be equal, and the intercept invariance model constrained the intercepts across groups to be equal (Little et al., 2007).