Table 1.

Intervention Effects on Health, Quality of Care, Health Care Utilization, and Health Care Cost

Domain	Outcome Metrics	Intervention Years
		2010	2011	2012
Health	Self-reported health status	—	—	—
	Obesity	—	—	—
	Smoking	—	—	—
	Binge drinking	—	—	—
Productivity	Any missed work due to illness	—	—	↓
	Work hours missed due to illness	—	—	↓
Access to Primary Care	Adults' access to preventive/ambulatory health services	—	—	↓
	Children's and adolescents' access to primary care practitioners	↓	↓	↓
Chronic care	Percentage of patients using angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors who receive appropriate monitoring	—	↓	↓
	Percentage of patients on diuretics receiving appropriate monitoring	—	↓	↓
	Percentage of asthma patients receiving appropriate medications	↓	↓	—
	Percentage of diabetic patients receiving hemoglobin A1c testing	—	↓	—
	Percentage of diabetic patients receiving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol testing	—	—	—
	Percentage of patients with lower back pain without imaging within 28 days of the diagnosis	—	—	—
Preventable admissions and ED visits	Ambulatory care sensitive inpatient admissions	—	—	↓
	Inpatient readmissions within 30 days of discharge	↓	—	—
	Potentially avoidable ED visits	—	—	—
Outpatient	Office-based primary care visits	↓	↓	↓
	Outpatient PMPM cost	—	—	—
Prescription drug	Prescription drug fills	↓	↓	↓
	Prescription drug PMPM cost	—	↓	↓
Emergency care	ED visits	↑	↑	↑
	ED PMPM cost	—	↑	—
Inpatient care	Inpatient admissions	—	—	—
	Inpatient PMPM cost	—	—	—
Total cost	Total PMPM Cost	—	—	—

NOTE: The table shows the changes in Cincinnati relative to the reference cities. — indicates no statistically significant findings. ↑ represents a statistically significant increase in Cincinnati relative to the reference cities (p≤0.05). Compared to the reference cities, an outcome metric may increase more or decline less in Cincinnati. ↓ represents a statistically significant decrease in Cincinnati relative to the reference cities (p≤0.05). Compared to the reference cities, an outcome metric may increase less or decline more in Cincinnati.