Table 2.
Composites of staff members’ own positive attitudes about spanking and perceptions of coworker attitudes regressed on demographic characteristics and whether staff position involves direct care.
| General medical center sample |
Children’s hospital sample |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal spanking attitudes |
Perceived coworker attitudes about spanking |
Personal spanking attitudes |
Perceived coworker attitudes about spanking |
|
| Female (reference group: male) |
−0.18*** (0.05) |
−0.12*** (0.05) |
−0.11** (0.08) |
−0.08* (0.08) |
|
White (reference group: non-White race or ethnicity) |
−0.02 (0.09) |
−0.03 (0.09) |
−0.08 (0.08) |
−0.02 (0.08) |
| Age (reference group: 18–24 years) | ||||
| 25–35 years | 0.04 (0.07) |
0.01 (0.08) |
0.10 (0.11) |
0.10 (0.120) |
| 36–45 years | 0.01 (0.08) |
0.01 (0.08) |
0.11 (0.13) |
0.07 (0.13) |
| 46–55 years |
−0.09* (0.07) |
−0.07 (0.08) |
0.03 (0.13) |
0.02 (0.14) |
| 56+ years |
−0.14*** (0.08) |
−0.12** (0.08) |
−0.08 (0.13) |
−0.04 (0.14) |
|
Education level (reference group: high school or less) |
||||
| Some college |
0.10* (0.07) |
0.11** (0.07) |
0.02 (0.12) |
−0.04 (0.12) |
| College degree | 0.06 (0.07) |
0.12** (0.07) |
0.02 (0.12) |
0.05 (0.13) |
| Professional degree (e.g., MA, MD, JD, PhD) |
0.00 (0.08) |
0.05 (0.08) |
−0.21** (0.12) |
−0.13 (0.13) |
| Parent (reference group: never a parent) |
−0.08*** (0.04) |
−0.01 (0.04) |
−0.01 (0.07) |
−0.01 (0.07) |
|
Religious (reference group: not at all religious) |
0.08*** (0.04) |
0.01 (0.05) |
0.09* (0.07) |
0.01 (0.08) |
|
Direct care staff position (reference group: not direct care) |
−0.11*** (0.03) |
−0.11*** (0.04) |
−0.09* (0.06) |
−0.14** (0.07) |
Note: Standard errors are in parentheses. Sample n varies across item due to missing values: general medical center n ranges from 2090 to 2114; children’s hospital n ranges from 655 to 664.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.