Table 4.

Hierarchical Regression Models

Central Sensitization Index	B	SE	β	t	R2	Δ R2
Step 1: Demographics					.05	.05
Sex	.10	.15	.08	.66
Education	−.09	.05	−.21†	−1.83
Step 2: Depression	.01	.01	.18	1.55	.08	.03
Step 3: Situational Catastrophizing	.47	.07	.63*	6.66	.44*	.36*
QST Index
Step 1: Demographics					.09*	.09*
Sex	.22	.13	.20†	1.76
Education	−.09	.04	−.25*	−2.22
Step 2: Depression	−.01	.01	−.14	−1.18	.11*	.02
Step 3: Situational Catastrophizing	.32	.07	.47*	4.54	.31*	.20*
Clinical Pain Severity
Step 1: Demographics					.02	.02
Sex	.03	.94	.01	.07
Education	−.16	.15	−.13	−1.06
Step 2: Depression	.07	.02	.44*	3.95	.19*	.18*
Step 3a: Non-SCD Catastrophizing	.61	.27	.26*	2.24	.25*	.05*
Step 3b: SCD-specific Catastrophizing	.35	.19	.21†	1.87	.23*	.04†
Step 3c: Situational Catastrophizing	.28	.24	.13	1.13	.21*	.02
Clinical Pain Interference
Step 1: Demographics					.02	.02
Sex	−.36	.63	−.07	−.57
Education	−.23	.21	−.13	−1.10
Step 2: Depression	.12	.02	.50*	4.71	.26*	.23*
Step 3a: Non-SCD Catastrophizing	.73	.37	.22*	1.97	.30*	.04*
Step 3b: SCD-specific Catastrophizing	.56	.25	.23*	2.22	.30*	.05*
Step 3c: Situational Catastrophizing	.20	.33	.07	.60	.26*	<.01

^*p≤.05

^†p≤.10.

Statistics are presented in sequential fashion, such that the first step includes coefficients when only step 1 is executed. Subsequent steps show adjusted coefficients controlling for the predictors entered previous steps. As all three catastrophizing scales were at least marginally associated with clinical pain outcomes, individual models entering a different scale in step 3 were compared. Multiple catastrophizing measures were not entered into the same model. B, unstandardized coefficient; β, standardized beta coefficient